电动汽车用高功率密度永磁同步电机设计研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 12:09

本文选题：电动汽车　切入点：高功率密度　出处：《天津大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,环境污染加剧,空气质量下降,化石燃料资源逐渐枯竭,进一步的环境保护以及节能减排工作刻不容缓。然而,传统内燃机汽车行驶中需要消耗大量化石燃料并排放大量有毒尾气,对资源和环境带来了双重压力。相比与传统内燃机汽车,电动汽车在能源形式、节能效率、尾气排放上具有巨大优势。因此,电动汽车作为传统汽车的替代方案,近来得到了大力提倡和发展。电动汽车驱动电机作为电动汽车动力系统的核心部件之一,其性能决定了车辆动力性能的好坏。特别的,电动汽车空间狭小,要求驱动电机具有较高的功率密度。本文对电动汽车驱动用高功率密度永磁同步电机本体设计以及优化展开分析研究。首先,按照课题要求完成额定功率为30kW的高功率密度永磁同步电机本体电磁设计。为了尽可能提高电机的功率密度,转子结构设计为内置“V”型。为了减小电机的转子涡流损耗,电机采用整数槽分布绕组,转子6极,定子36槽。定子槽型采用普通的梨形槽。其次,在有限元仿真软件中对初步设计的高功率密度永磁同步电机的静态场和瞬态场进行仿真分析,验证了设计的合理性。重点分析了电机的转矩特性,得到了额定电流不同电流超前角度下的电磁转矩,不同电流下的电磁转矩,并且分析了电机的齿槽转矩以及电感特性。再次,为了提高电机的输出转矩特性,提出了基于田口算法的多目标优化设计。合理选择电机转子关键结构参数作为优化变量。并以电机最大平均转矩、最小转矩脉动、最小齿槽转矩为优化目标,利用田口算法对电机进行优化,最终得到优化后的转子结构参数。有限元仿真结果证明所用方法的有效性。最后,提出了转子开孔的减重方案,合理选择了开孔位置,比较了不同开孔半径下的电机的输出转矩,得到了最优的开孔半径。优化了永磁体的材料,采用了磁性能更高的NdFeB永磁材料替代原有的永磁材料,提高了电机的功率密度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, environmental pollution has intensified, air quality has declined, fossil fuel resources have gradually dried up, further environmental protection and energy conservation and emission reduction work are urgent. The traditional internal combustion engine vehicle needs to consume a large amount of fossil fuel and release a large amount of toxic exhaust gas, which brings double pressure to the resource and environment. Compared with the traditional internal combustion engine vehicle, electric vehicle is energy efficient in the form of energy. Therefore, as an alternative to traditional vehicles, electric vehicles have been vigorously promoted and developed recently. Electric vehicles drive motors as one of the core components of electric vehicle power system. Its performance determines the vehicle's power performance. In particular, the space for electric vehicles is small. The driving motor is required to have a high power density. In this paper, the bulk design and optimization of the PMSM for electric vehicle drive are analyzed and studied. According to the requirements of the project, the body electromagnetic design of high power density permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with rated power of 30kW is completed. In order to increase the power density of the motor as much as possible, the rotor structure is designed with built-in "V" type, and in order to reduce the eddy current loss of the motor, The motor adopts integer slot distributed windings, rotor 6 poles, stator 36 slots. Stator slot type adopts common pear groove. Secondly, In the finite element simulation software, the static and transient fields of the high power density permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are simulated and analyzed, and the rationality of the design is verified. The torque characteristic of the PMSM is analyzed emphatically. The electromagnetic torque of rated current at different current leading angles and the electromagnetic torque of different current are obtained, and the slotting torque and inductance characteristics of the motor are analyzed. Thirdly, in order to improve the output torque characteristics of the motor, The multi-objective optimization design based on Taguchi algorithm is proposed. The key structural parameters of motor rotor are reasonably selected as the optimization variables, and the maximum average torque, minimum torque ripple and minimum slotting torque are taken as the optimization objectives. The optimized rotor structure parameters are obtained by using the Taguchi algorithm. The finite element simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, the weight loss scheme of the rotor hole is put forward, and the open hole position is reasonably selected. The output torque of the motor with different opening radius is compared, the optimum opening radius is obtained, the permanent magnet material is optimized, and the NdFeB permanent magnet material with higher magnetic performance is used to replace the original permanent magnet material, which improves the power density of the motor.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM341;U469.72

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