纯电动汽车复合电源再生制动与能量管理研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 00:33

本文选题：纯电动汽车　切入点：复合电源　出处：《江苏大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在石油资源日益枯竭和环境污染加剧的大环境下,纯电动汽车凭借其效率高和污染小等优点,成为目前最具发展潜力的新能源汽车之一。在频繁加速和制动的城市工况下,纯电动汽车中的电机可以充分发挥再生制动功能,对制动能量进行回收再利用,提高运行效率,延长汽车续驶里程。单一铅酸蓄电池储能系统存在功率密度低的缺点,启动、加速和再生制动工况中很难满足电动汽车的大功率充放电需求,影响铅酸蓄电池使用寿命和效率。因此,需要增加一套功率密度更大的辅助储能装置来弥补单一铅酸蓄电池供电的不足。超级电容是一种功率密度高、充放电速度快以及使用寿命长的新型储能装置,与铅酸蓄电池组成复合电源储能装置可实现优势互补,显著改善电动汽车储能系统性能。本文对纯电动汽车再生制动系统及复合电源能量管理关键技术进行研究。首先,本文在分析铅酸蓄电池和超级电容工作特性的基础上,确定本文所用复合电源结构,并进行参数匹配。对永磁直流电机驱动下的再生制动系统进行理论分析,依据ECE制动法规和电机最大再生制动力,提出分段式前、后轮制动力分配方案,提高制动能量的回收效率;分别研究再生制动过程中铅酸蓄电池和超级电容充电回路控制方法,以保障制动能量回收的安全性和快速性。在MATLAB中建模仿真,分别验证制动力分配方案和充电控制方法的有效性。其次,对ADVISOR软件中汽车模型进行二次开发,包括中国典型城市工况的添加和车载复合电源模块的修改。针对频繁加减速工况下超级电容端电压降落较快的问题,在分析复合电源功率需求基础上,提出基于车速修正的模糊控制策略对复合电源能量进行分配。在ADVISOR中建模仿真,仿真结果表明车速修正模糊控制能更好地优化铅酸蓄电池充放电电流,延长铅酸蓄电池使用寿命。最后,搭建小功率复合电源能量管理实验系统,对系统硬件电路和软件进行设计和测试。对复合电源系统进行实验研究,实验结果验证了所选复合电源结构在脉冲负载下的实用性以及所提能量分配策略的优越性。
[Abstract]:With the increasing depletion of petroleum resources and the worsening of environmental pollution, pure electric vehicles have become one of the most promising new energy vehicles with high efficiency and low pollution. Under the frequent acceleration and braking conditions in cities, pure electric vehicles have become one of the most promising new energy vehicles. The motor of pure electric vehicle can give full play to the function of regenerative braking, recycle and reuse the braking energy, improve the running efficiency and prolong the driving mileage of the car. The single lead acid battery energy storage system has the shortcoming of low power density, so it can be started. It is difficult to meet the demand of high power charge and discharge of electric vehicle in the condition of acceleration and regenerative braking, which affects the service life and efficiency of lead-acid battery. A higher power density auxiliary energy storage device is needed to compensate for the lack of power supply for a single lead-acid battery. Super capacitors are a new type of energy storage device with high power density, high charge and discharge speed and long service life. The composite power storage device composed with lead-acid battery can complement each other and improve the performance of electric vehicle energy storage system significantly. This paper studies the regenerative braking system of pure electric vehicle and the key technology of energy management of compound power supply. On the basis of analyzing the working characteristics of lead-acid battery and super capacitor, the structure of compound power supply used in this paper is determined and the parameters are matched. The regenerative braking system driven by permanent magnet DC motor is analyzed theoretically. According to the ECE braking regulations and the maximum regenerative braking force of the motor, this paper proposes a segmented braking force distribution scheme for front and rear wheels to improve the recovery efficiency of braking energy, and studies the control methods of lead-acid battery and supercapacitor charging loop in the process of regenerative braking, respectively. In order to ensure the safety and speed of braking energy recovery, the braking force distribution scheme and charging control method are verified by modeling and simulation in MATLAB. Secondly, the second development of vehicle model in ADVISOR software is carried out. Including the addition of typical urban conditions in China and the modification of the on-board composite power module. Aiming at the problem of rapid voltage drop of the supercapacitor terminal under frequent acceleration and deceleration conditions, based on the analysis of the power requirements of the composite power supply, A fuzzy control strategy based on speed correction is proposed to distribute the energy of the composite power supply. The simulation results in ADVISOR show that the fuzzy control can better optimize the charge and discharge current of lead-acid battery. Finally, the energy management experiment system of low power compound power supply is built, the hardware circuit and software of the system are designed and tested, and the experimental research on the compound power supply system is carried out. The experimental results verify the practicability of the selected composite power supply structure under the pulse load and the superiority of the proposed energy allocation strategy.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.72

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