轮胎与路面喇叭效应的特性研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 21:31

本文选题：喇叭效应　切入点：声散射　出处：《东华大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着城市汽车数量的持续增加,城市交通噪声污染的危害越来越明显,影响着人们的正常生活。轮胎与路面噪声是交通噪声的一部分。在轮胎与路面接触的附近区域,轮胎花纹表面与路面之间形成喇叭状的开口,这个开口会对噪声产生放大作用,我们称这种作用为喇叭效应。目前,国内对于轮胎与路面之间的喇叭效应的研究还处于试验阶段,没有太多的理论研究分析。本文在总结前人的研究成果的基础之上,做了以下相关工作:首先,分析比较了不同类型花纹轮胎的噪声放大作用的差异,然后分析了轮胎与路面喇叭效应的声指向性,最后分析比较了同种轮胎不同花纹沟参数对噪声场分布的影响。在本文中,我们一共建立了三种种不同花纹类型的轮胎以及从三个不同变量的角度另外建立了三种相同花纹类型、不同花纹参数的轮胎。首先我们对三种不同花纹轮胎进行声学边界元数学模拟分析计算,确认了轮胎与路面之间喇叭效应的存在、分析得到不同位置处的观测点的喇叭效应的强弱随着轴向距离与周向距离变化的规律、了解到喇叭效应的声指向性;其次,利用Acoustic软件分析计算了花纹槽的几何参数对喇叭效应的影响规律。经过计算分析发现:只要有轮胎存在时,由于声散射作用,轮胎与路面的喇叭口会形成噪声增强机制;在我们的研究区域范围内,观测点相对于轮胎轴向距离的越大,轮胎噪声的放大作用峰值越小;相对于轮胎周向距离越大,轮胎噪声的放大作用峰值越小;噪音的指向性显示喇叭效应最强作用区域主要集中在轮胎正对噪声源一侧o?60的角度范围内,但是背对声源的一侧也会有噪声突变的情况。除此之外,我们还发现花纹槽的几何参数对声场的分布也有影响,分析比较得到如下结果:在低频噪声的时候,无论是花纹的拔模斜度还是花纹槽的深度,对噪声的声场分布没有比较明显的影响;但是在噪声频率较大的情况下,随着拔模斜度的增加,噪声的放大作用越为强烈,反之较弱;随着轮胎花纹槽的深度的增加,轮胎噪声放大作用越弱,反之越强;轮胎胎冠呈圆弧状时,轮胎噪声的放大作用会有所减小。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous increase of the number of urban cars, the harm of urban traffic noise pollution is becoming more and more obvious, which affects people's normal life.Tire and road noise is a part of traffic noise.In the area near the contact between the tire and the road surface a loudspeaker opening is formed between the tire pattern surface and the road surface. This opening will amplify the noise which we call the trumpet effect.At present, the research on the horn effect between tire and pavement is still in the experimental stage, and there is not much theoretical analysis.On the basis of summarizing the previous research results, this paper has done the following related work: firstly, the difference of noise amplification effect of different types of pattern tire is analyzed and compared, and then the sound directivity of tire and road horn effect is analyzed.Finally, the effects of different groove parameters on the noise field distribution of the same tire are analyzed and compared.In this paper, we have established three kinds of tires with different pattern types and three kinds of tires with the same pattern type and different pattern parameters from the angle of three different variables.Firstly, the acoustic boundary element analysis and calculation of three kinds of tire with different patterns are carried out, and the existence of horn effect between the tire and the road surface is confirmed.The influence of geometric parameters of pattern groove on horn effect is analyzed and calculated by Acoustic software.The results of calculation and analysis show that, as long as there is a tire, the noise enhancement mechanism between the tire and the road will be formed due to the sound scattering. The larger the axial distance of the tire is, the larger the observation point is relative to the tire axial distance in our research area.The smaller the peak value of tire noise is, the smaller the peak value of tire noise is relative to the circumferential distance of tire.The directivity of noise shows that the strongest effect area of horn effect is mainly in the angle range of the right side of the tire to the noise source, but there will also be noise mutation on the side of the back to the sound source.In addition, we also find that the geometric parameters of the pattern groove have an effect on the distribution of the sound field. The results are as follows: when the noise is low, whether it is the angle of the pattern or the depth of the groove,There is no obvious effect on the sound field distribution of noise, but when the frequency of noise is large, the magnifying effect of noise becomes stronger with the increase of the angle of drawing die, and the effect of noise is weaker; with the increase of the depth of grooves in tire,The weaker the tire noise amplification is, the stronger the tire noise amplification is, and when the tire crown is arc shaped, the tire noise amplification will be reduced.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U461.51

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