生物质制取车用燃料的生命周期评价及数据质量评估

发布时间：2018-05-04 14:21

本文选题：生物质 + 车用燃料　；参考：《东南大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球能源危机和环境污染日益严重,利用清洁可再生的生物质能转化制备高品位液体燃料,部分替代化石燃料,不仅可缓解能源危机,而且能减少温室气体排放。但生物质能利用过程中存在环境污染、资源消耗及经济成本等问题,因此开展生命周期综合评价,对高效、清洁利用生物质有重要指导意义。首先,基于生命周期评价(LCA)和层次分析法(AHP),建立了生命周期综合评价模型,并对以玉米秆为原料的生物质热解加氢制汽柴油(Bio-FPH)和生物质气化费托合成(Bio-FTL)两种工艺进行研究分析,获得了环境-资源-经济的综合性能指标。结果显示：(1)不同视角下,总环境影响值分别在0.30～0.46人·a/t和0.33-0.54人·a/t之间,呈现全球性同等性区域性局地性的特点,Bio-FPH的环境性能优于Bio-FTL; GWP、AP和POF是生物质基工艺主要的环境影响类型,总占比为80%～95%,但各视角下环境影响类型所占份额不同；不同阶段对环境影响的作用也不同,以生长阶段和生产阶段为主。(2)Bio-FPH和Bio-FTL的资源消耗潜值分别为0.04人·a/t和0.05人·a/t,Bio-FPH在资源方面具有优势：生产阶段的资源消耗最大,且以电力消耗为主。(3)Bio-FPH的经济性能优于Bio-FTL,生产成本分别为7800元/t和8830元/t；其中,原料成本和折旧费对经济成本影响较大,所占份额分别为44.6%～47.3%和13.9%～15.7%。(4)采用极差变换法,获得了Bio-FPH和Bio-FTL的综合指标。Bio-FPH的综合性能优于Bio-FTL,两工艺的综合指标分别在0.22-0.34和0.26-0.40之间；其中,经济成本对综合性能指标的作用最大,其次是环境影响,资源消耗最小。(5)敏感性分析表明,环境性能和资源消耗对原料消耗率和生产电耗等因素较为敏感;原料消耗率和固定投资对经济成本影响最大；原料消耗率、生产电耗和固定投资费用是影响综合性能的主要因素。(6)与化石柴油相比,生物质基燃料对缓解温室效应和资源消耗具有优势,Bio-FPH的效果更明显,而在经济性能方面处于劣势。其次,将数据质量指标矩阵和不确定度法结合,建立了数据质量评估模型,提出以相对标准偏差RSD为指标对Bio-FPH和Bio-FTL进行数据质量评估,并结合敏感度分析,辨识出具有高敏感度和高不确定度的指标质量改善关键数据。结果显示：(1)对于Bio-FPH和Bio-FTL,各视角下总环境影响值的不确定度Uh在6.2%～7.0%之间,其中环境影响分类指标EP的不确定度达到了15.8%-15.9%,其他环境影响分类指标的不确定度均小于8.5%。(2)资源消耗潜值ADP和经济成本的不确定度分别在6.7%-6.8%和8.0%～8.3%之间,均满足数据质量要求。(3)生产电耗与原料消耗量是GWP、AP、SW和ADP数据质量改善最为关键的清单数据；原料消耗量和消费阶段HC排放对POF的数据质量改善作用较大;生产电耗和消费阶段NOx排放是HTP的关键数据；EP的数据质量改善依赖于原料消耗量和N肥施用量；此外,原料收购价格、原料消耗量和固定投资对经济成本数据质量改善作用较大。最后,以Visual Basic 6.0为系统开发平台,以Microsoft Access为数据库管理系统,采用ADO数据访问技术,基于生命周期综合评价模型,创建了生物质转化利用的生命周期综合评价软件。软件可实现基础数据查询、生物质转化生命周期的环境、资源、经济及综合性能评价和分析,并具有界面友好,操作简单,可扩展性等特点。
[Abstract]:As the global energy crisis and environmental pollution become more and more serious , using clean renewable biomass energy transform to prepare high - grade liquid fuel , partial replacement of fossil fuel can not only alleviate the energy crisis but also reduce greenhouse gas emissions . The results show that : ( 1 ) The environmental performance of Bio - FPH is better than that of Bio - FTL ;
( 2 ) Bio - FPH and Bio - FTL ' s resource consumption potential is 0.04 person 路 a / t and 0.05 person 路 a / t , Bio - FPH has the advantage in resources : the resource consumption of Bio - FPH is the biggest and the power consumption is the main . ( 3 ) Bio - FPH has better economic performance than Bio - FTL , the production cost is 7800 yuan / t and 8830 yuan / t , respectively ;
( 4 ) The comprehensive indexes of Bio - FPH and Bio - FTL were obtained . The comprehensive properties of Bio - FPH were better than that of Bio - FTL . The comprehensive indexes of Bio - FPH were 0.22 - 0.34 and 0.26 - 0.40 , respectively .
( 5 ) Sensitivity analysis indicates that environmental performance and resource consumption are sensitive to the factors such as raw material consumption rate and production power consumption .
The data quality evaluation model is established by combining the data quality index matrix with the uncertainty method . The results show that : ( 1 ) The uncertainty of the total environmental impact value of Bio - FPH and Bio - FTL is between 6.2 % and 7.0 % .
The consumption of raw materials and the HC emission in the consumption stage have a great effect on the data quality improvement of POFs , and NOx emission at the production and consumption stages is the key data of HTP ;
The data quality improvement of EP is dependent on raw material consumption and N fertilizer application ;
In the end , using Visual Basic 6.0 as the system development platform , using Microsoft Access as the database management system , using ADO data access technology , based on the life cycle comprehensive evaluation model , the life cycle comprehensive evaluation software for biomass conversion utilization is created . The software can realize the basic data query , the environment , resources , economy and comprehensive performance evaluation and analysis of biomass conversion life cycle , and has the characteristics of friendly interface , simple operation , expansibility and the like .

【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U473

【参考文献】