重庆公交某型混合动力大客车操纵稳定性研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 14:41

本文选题：混合动力客车 + 操纵稳定性　；参考：《重庆交通大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着环境恶化,资源短缺等问题的出现,新能源汽车已经被提到了国家发展战略的高度。当前纯电动汽车由于受到电池技术的制约,推广进度缓慢,而作为传统汽车向纯电动汽车过渡的一种产物——混合动力汽车受到了国内大多数汽车厂家的青睐。新能源汽车技术不断发展,很多国家开始投入使用混合动力公交客车,国内也在多个城市推广混合动力公交客车,以此来宣传绿色出行的理念。由于混合动力公交客车在传统燃料公交客车的基础上增加了电池组,整车质量增大,电池组布置在不同的位置,还会引起整车质心位置变化和前后轴荷变化,势必影响整车转向工况下的操纵稳定性。针对混合动力公交客车这一结构特点和重庆公交的行驶特性,选取重庆公交某型混合动力客车做为研究对象,对该车型原车进行操纵稳定性仿真和综合评价打分,进而提出不同的电池组布置方案,对比分析不同布置方案的操纵稳定性好坏,对所选车型电池组布置提出可行性建议。主要研究内容及结果如下:(1)根据收集到的重庆公交某型混合动力客车相关参数,在ADAMS软件中建立该车型的动力学模型,包括转向系统模型、前悬架模型、后悬架模型、动力系统模型、轮胎模型等,得到与实车结构尺寸和性能参数一致的整车装配模型。此时电池组位于车辆尾部发动机上方,储气瓶安装于底盘靠近前桥位置,关于纵向面横向对称;(2)对建立的原车动力学模型进行转向工况仿真,包括蛇形试验、转向盘角阶跃试验、转向盘角脉冲试验、转向回正试验、转向轻便性试验和稳态回转试验。对仿真结果曲线进行分析,并对每个试验的操纵稳定性性能打分,综合评价分值为77.3,原车的操纵稳定性还有提升的空间;(3)提出重庆公交某型混合动力客车操纵稳定性的两种改进方案,即电池组的两种布置位置。方案1:电池组与天然气储气瓶位置对换,电池组两两纵向对称布置在底盘位置,靠近前桥关于纵向面横向对称,位于前轴和后轴之间,储气瓶位于车辆尾部发动机上方;方案2:储气瓶位置不变,电池组两两纵向布置在车辆底盘的储气瓶后方,关于纵向面横向对称。在ADAMS中完成两种方案建模并进行与原车相同工况下的仿真试验,进行操纵稳定性综合打分和评价。仿真试验和综合评价分值表明:方案1操纵稳定性综合评价分值为78.7,相比原车仅仅提高了1.8%;方案2操纵稳定性综合评价计分值为81.9,相比原车提高了5.9%;因此,在两种方案比较中,方案2更优。
[Abstract]:With the problems of environmental deterioration and shortage of resources, new energy vehicles have been raised to the height of national development strategy. At present, due to the restriction of battery technology, the popularization of pure electric vehicle is slow, but as a product of the transition from traditional automobile to pure electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle is favored by most domestic automobile manufacturers. With the continuous development of new energy vehicle technology, many countries began to use hybrid bus, and in many cities, the hybrid bus was popularized in China to promote the concept of green travel. Because the hybrid electric bus adds the battery pack on the basis of the traditional fuel bus, the mass of the whole vehicle increases, the battery pack is arranged in different positions, and the center of mass of the whole vehicle changes and the axial load changes before and after. It is bound to affect the steering stability of the vehicle under steering conditions. In view of the structural characteristics of hybrid electric bus and the driving characteristics of Chongqing bus, a hybrid electric bus of Chongqing bus is selected as the research object, and the control stability simulation and comprehensive evaluation of the original vehicle are carried out. Then different battery pack layout schemes are put forward, and the handling stability of different layout schemes is analyzed, and some feasible suggestions are put forward for the battery pack arrangement of selected vehicle models. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) based on the relevant parameters of a hybrid electric bus in Chongqing, a dynamic model of the vehicle is established in ADAMS software, including steering system model, front suspension model, rear suspension model. The power system model, tire model and so on, which are consistent with the real vehicle structure size and performance parameters, are obtained. At this time, the battery pack is located above the engine at the rear of the vehicle, and the gas storage cylinder is installed in the chassis near the front axle. About the transverse symmetry of the longitudinal plane, the steering condition of the original vehicle dynamic model is simulated, including the snake-shaped test. Steering wheel angle step test, steering wheel angle pulse test, steering return test, steering portability test and steady state rotation test. The simulation curve is analyzed, and the stability performance of each test is evaluated. The comprehensive evaluation score is 77.3, and the handling stability of the original vehicle is also raised. (2) two improved schemes for handling stability of a hybrid electric bus in Chongqing bus are proposed, that is, the two arrangement positions of the battery pack. Scheme 1: the position of the battery pack and the natural gas storage cylinder is exchanged, the battery pack is arranged in the chassis position in longitudinal symmetry, near the front axle about the transverse symmetry of the longitudinal plane, between the front axle and the rear axle, and the gas storage cylinder is located above the engine at the rear of the vehicle; Scheme 2: the position of the gas storage cylinder is unchanged and the battery pack is arranged vertically behind the tank on the chassis of the vehicle, with transverse symmetry on the longitudinal plane. In ADAMS, the two schemes are modeled and simulated under the same working conditions as the original vehicle, and the control stability is evaluated. The results of simulation test and comprehensive evaluation show that the overall evaluation score of scheme 1 is 78.7, which is only 1.8 higher than that of the original vehicle, and the score of comprehensive evaluation of maneuvering stability is 81.9, which is 5.9 higher than that of the original vehicle. Therefore, in the comparison between the two schemes, Option 2 is better.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U461.6;U469.7

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