FSAE赛车车架结构有限元分析及优化设计

发布时间：2018-06-01 12:10

本文选题：FSAE赛车 + 车架　；参考：《浙江工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了锻炼学生利用理论知识研制方程式赛车的能力,本校大学生组团报名参加了2015年的FSAE赛事。FSAE赛车车架的功用是支承连接赛车各部件,并承受来自车内外的各种载荷,其强度、刚度直接影响到车架的本身承载能力和车架上各零部件的相对安装位置,进而影响到赛车的操纵稳定性,车架的振动特性则影响赛车的动态性能。本课题应用拓扑优化设计技术,设计新的车架(简称“新车架”),分析与对比初始车架(本校赛车队根据大赛要求以及参考优秀车队设计经验设计出的车架)与新车架结构的强度、刚度,并对新车架系统进行模态分析,具体研究工作包括:(1)运用HyperWorks/OptiStruct模块,建立车架的拓扑优化模型,对车架进行拓扑优化得到拓扑结构,再结合大赛对车架结构的要求以及车身各部件的装配要求,设计出具体的车架结构。(2)运用数值模拟软件ANSYS,分别对初始车架和新车架在满载行驶时的弯曲、制动和弯扭组合工况条件下进行等效静强度仿真分析,对赛车车架扭转和弯曲工况分别进行扭转和弯曲刚度仿真分析,得出车架在不同工况下的应力分布情况以及抗扭和弯曲刚度。分析对比初始车架与新车架的各项静力学性能与质量,结果表明了新车架的静力学性能比初始车架优越且质量更轻,且满足静力学性能要求。(3)对新车架系统进行模态分析,包括车架自身的自由模态分析和“悬架-车架”系统、“车架-负载”系统和“悬架-车架-负载”系统的模态分析,综合分析了车架结构形式、悬架弹簧和车架负载对整个车架系统的动态性能的影响。分析结果为车架结构的改进,避免共振提供理论依据。研究结果表明了该车架系统能够避免低阶共振,高阶局部振动不足以引起车架的疲劳破坏,该车架满足动态性能要求。根据分析结果新车架局部结构得以修改并被赛车队采用。本校车队已前往上海参加了2015年的FSAE赛事,并且最终赛车的设计报告取得了第9名的成绩。
[Abstract]:In order to train students to make use of their theoretical knowledge to develop formula racing cars, our college students organized a regiment to participate in the 2015 FSAE event. The function of the frame is to support and connect the various parts of the car and bear various loads from inside and outside the car. Its strength and stiffness directly affect the bearing capacity of the frame and the relative installation position of the components on the frame, and then affect the handling stability of the car, and the vibration characteristics of the frame affect the dynamic performance of the car. This topic applies the topology optimization design technology, Design a new frame ("new frame" for short), analyze and compare the strength and stiffness of the original frame (the frame designed by our school's racing team according to the requirements of the competition and the design experience of the excellent team) and the new frame structure, And the modal analysis of the new frame system is carried out. The specific research work includes the use of HyperWorks/OptiStruct module to establish the topology optimization model of the frame, and the topology structure of the frame is obtained by topology optimization. Combined with the requirements of the frame structure and the assembly requirements of the various parts of the body, the concrete frame structure is designed. (2) the numerical simulation software ANSYSis is used to bend the initial frame and the new car frame at full load, respectively. The equivalent static strength is simulated and analyzed under the condition of combined braking and bending, and the torsion and bending stiffness of the frame of the racing car are simulated under the torsion and bending conditions, respectively. The stress distribution and torsional and bending stiffness of the frame under different working conditions are obtained. The static performance and quality of the initial frame and the new frame are analyzed and compared. The results show that the static performance of the new frame is superior and lighter than the initial frame, and meets the requirements of static performance. Including the free modal analysis of the frame itself and the modal analysis of the "suspension-frame" system, the "frame-load" system and the "suspension-frame-load" system. The influence of suspension spring and frame load on the dynamic performance of the whole frame system. The results provide a theoretical basis for improving the frame structure and avoiding resonance. The results show that the frame system can avoid the low order resonance and the high order local vibration is not enough to cause fatigue damage of the frame. The frame meets the requirements of dynamic performance. According to the analysis, the local structure of the new frame was modified and adopted by the racing team. The school team has travelled to Shanghai for the 2015 FSAE, and the final design report of the car scored 9th place.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.32;U469.696

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