车用柴油质量分析及添加剂改进效果研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 21:06

本文选题：柴油 + 质量　；参考：《西南石油大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于汽车造成的环境污染问题越来越受到人们的关注和重视,因此国家对汽车尾气的排放标准日益严格,对车用燃油的质量也提出了更高的要求。随着柴油车的快速发展,柴油消耗量迅速增长,不合格柴油给消费者带来的经济损失和对环境造成污染的形势愈加严峻,因此亟待解决柴油品质的保障问题。对比分析目前主要的柴油质量改进方法,发现加入添加剂具有操作方便,加量少,效果好和成本低等优点,使得人们也越来越重视其发展,因此本文提出了采用添加剂来改进柴油质量的研究思路。本文通过对四川地区车用柴油的质量抽检,分析了车用柴油质量现状及存在的问题,发现其质量问题主要有硫含量高、凝点高、氧化安定性差和十六烷值低。由于硫含量主要取决于原油性质和加工工艺,因此针对以上其他问题本文采用降凝剂、抗氧剂和十六烷值改进剂来分别改善柴油的低温流动性、氧化安定性和抗爆性。测试分析所选多种添加剂与不同种类柴油之间的作用效果,评价了采用加入添加剂的方法对柴油质量的改进效果,从柴油和添加剂的性质、添加剂的浓度和复配等方面研究了影响添加剂作用效果的主要因素,分析了添加剂对柴油性能指标的影响。研究结果表明,采用添加剂能有效提高柴油的性能,改善柴油的质量。降凝剂能有效降低柴油的凝点和冷滤点,增强柴油的低温流动性；抗氧剂能减缓柴油氧化速率,优化柴油的氧化安定性；十六烷值改进剂能有效增大柴油的十六烷值,提高柴油的抗爆性,实验选用的三种添加剂对柴油的综合性能没有不良影响。在实际生产应用中,柴油对添加剂的感受性差异限制了其使用范围,若效果不佳并非仅由于添加量少造成,因此应针对不同柴油筛选出合适的添加剂；添加剂的加入量并非越多越好,而是存在最佳加剂区间,过度添加有时会造成反作用,经济性反而降低；将两种或两种以上添加剂复配使用,通常会表现出协同作用,按适当的比例复配,能显著增强添加剂的作用效果。
[Abstract]:People pay more and more attention to the environmental pollution caused by automobile, so the national emission standard of automobile exhaust is becoming more and more strict, and the quality of vehicle fuel is also required higher. With the rapid development of diesel vehicles and the rapid growth of diesel oil consumption, the economic loss and environmental pollution caused by unqualified diesel fuel to consumers are becoming more and more serious, so the problem of diesel quality guarantee should be solved urgently. By comparing and analyzing the main methods of diesel oil quality improvement, it is found that adding additives has the advantages of easy operation, low dosage, good effect and low cost, which makes people pay more and more attention to the development of diesel oil. Therefore, this paper puts forward the idea of using additives to improve the quality of diesel oil. This paper analyzes the present situation and existing problems of vehicle diesel oil quality in Sichuan area. It is found that the main quality problems are high sulfur content, high freezing point, poor oxidation stability and low cetane number. Since sulfur content mainly depends on the properties of crude oil and processing technology, depressant, antioxidant and cetane number improver are used to improve the low temperature fluidity, oxidation stability and anti-explosion of diesel oil respectively. The effect of various additives and different kinds of diesel oil was tested and analyzed. The effect of adding additives to diesel oil quality was evaluated, and the properties of diesel oil and additives were analyzed. The main factors affecting the effect of additives were studied in the aspects of additive concentration and compounding, and the effects of additives on the performance of diesel oil were analyzed. The results show that the additive can effectively improve the performance of diesel oil and improve the quality of diesel oil. The pour point depressant can effectively reduce the freezing point and cold filter point of diesel oil and enhance the low temperature fluidity of diesel oil; the antioxidant can slow down the oxidation rate of diesel oil and optimize the oxidation stability of diesel oil; the cetane number improver can effectively increase the cetane number of diesel oil. In order to improve the antiknock property of diesel oil, the three additives used in the experiment have no adverse effect on the comprehensive performance of diesel oil. In practical application, the sensitivity of diesel fuel to additives limits its range of use. If the effect is not only due to the small amount of diesel oil, we should screen out suitable additives for different diesel oil. The addition of additives is not as good as the more, but there is an optimal range of additives, excessive addition sometimes lead to reaction, but the economy is reduced; when two or more additives are mixed, there is usually a synergistic effect. The effect of the additive can be significantly enhanced by the proper proportion of the compound.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U473.12

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