轿车与行人碰撞事故再现及行人头部保护研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 05:33

本文选题：轿车与行人碰撞 + PC-Crash　；参考：《上海工程技术大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：行人保护是汽车被动安全研究领域的重要内容之一,而建立在深度事故调查基础之上的事故再现研究则可以为行人保护提供重要的基础数据。近年来,随着我国汽车保有量的增加,安全问题越来越受到人们的关注。在交通事故中,车外人员如行人、骑车人等更易受到伤害。行人与轿车发生碰撞的过程中,最易受伤的部位是头部和下肢,其中头颈部损伤是造成人员死亡的主要原因,而下肢创伤是交通事故中人员致残的主要因素。成人的头部在交通事故中主要和发动机罩及前挡风玻璃发生接触。因此开展交通事故中对行人头部保护的研究具有重要的现实意义。本文采用事故调查分析与计算机再现相结合的研究方法。以上海松江地区实际发生的轿车与行人碰撞事故为研究对象,开展如下研究工作:(1)阐述了轿车与行人碰撞事故再现的基本流程和方法。基于PC-Crash多刚体动力学软件,完成了20起轿车与行人侧面碰撞事故再现。建立了轿车碰撞速度与行人的抛距(第一落地点抛距和横向、纵向、总抛距)模型。(2)分析了碰撞车速与行人头部碰撞参数(WAD、头部碰撞速度、头部碰撞角度、头部碰撞时间)的关系,研究了碰撞车速对行人头部损伤指标(HIC值、头部最大线性加速度值、头部最大角加速度值)的响应,并得到了有价值的拟合曲线。(3)以事故重建所得的行人头部碰撞参数规律为有限元仿真实验的初始条件,完成了行人头部与发动机罩外板的有限元碰撞仿真,探究了头部碰撞速度和角度、发动机罩外板厚度对行人头部损伤的影响。研究为实现通过发动机罩板结构参数设计来降低事故中行人的伤害以达到行人头部保护的目的提供了重要的参考。
[Abstract]:Pedestrian protection is one of the important contents in the field of vehicle passive safety, and the study of accident reappearance based on deep accident investigation can provide important basic data for pedestrian protection. In recent years, with the increase of automobile ownership in China, people pay more and more attention to safety problems. In traffic accidents, people outside the car, such as pedestrians and cyclists, are more vulnerable. In the process of pedestrian collision with a car, the most vulnerable parts are head and lower limbs, among which head and neck injury is the main cause of death, and lower limb injury is the main factor of disability in traffic accidents. The head of the adult is mainly in contact with the engine hood and the front windshield in traffic accidents. Therefore, the research on pedestrian head protection in traffic accidents has important practical significance. This paper adopts the method of accident investigation and analysis combined with computer reappearance. Taking the actual collision accident between passenger car and pedestrian in Songjiang area of Shanghai as the object of study, the following research work was carried out: 1) the basic process and method of car and pedestrian collision accident reappearance were expounded. Based on PC-Crash multi-rigid body dynamics software, 20 car and pedestrian side impact accidents were reproduced. In this paper, a model of car collision velocity and pedestrian throw distance (first, horizontal, longitudinal, total throw distance) is established. The collision speed and pedestrian head collision parameters (WADs, head impact velocity, head impact angle) are analyzed. The response of collision speed to head damage index (HIC, maximum linear acceleration, maximum angular acceleration) of pedestrian is studied. A valuable fitting curve is obtained. (3) taking the pedestrian head collision parameters obtained from the accident reconstruction as the initial condition of the finite element simulation experiment, the finite element collision simulation of the pedestrian head and the engine hood outer plate is completed. The effects of head impact velocity and angle and the thickness of engine hood outer plate on pedestrian head injury were investigated. The study provides an important reference for the design of engine hood structure parameters to reduce pedestrian injuries in accidents and to achieve the purpose of pedestrian head protection.
【学位授予单位】：上海工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U467.14

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