基于串并自动转换的电动摩托车电池管理系统设计与研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 23:55

本文选题：电动摩托车 + 串并转换　；参考：《西南大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着中国城市规模持续扩张,私人交通领域快速增长的轿车需求正在将越来越多的大中城市推向交通能力的极限,电动摩托车以操作快捷、停靠方便、无污染、无噪声且价格相对便宜等优点,成为最贴近人的实际需求的一种交通工具,其全国保有量巨大。文献研究表明:目前电动摩托车市场存在电池寿命短、电池SOC估算误差大、续驶里程不真实等问题,其原因主要是电池组没有细致的系统管理,长期处于过充、过放状态,从而导致电池组性能快速下降或者电池故障报废。因此,设计出一款适用于电动摩托车的电池管理系统对我国电动摩托车市场的意义重大。为解决以上问题,本文针对电动摩托车的动力源一铅酸蓄电池组提出一种电池管理系统。铅酸电池组是由4块12V的铅酸蓄电池串联而成,该管理系统以单片机为控制核心,由充电主电路、数据采集电路、保护电路、显示电路、存储电路和报警电路组成。主要研究内容如下:(1)针对单体电池间的不一致性影响电池组寿命的问题,本文通过研究常见均衡充电方式,提出了一种基于串并切换法的均衡方式-并联均衡方式。这种方式使串联电池组实现了并联充电,串联放电,实现了单体电池间的均衡,抑制了电池组的“水桶效应”,是最适合于电动摩托车结构紧凑、成本低的设计原则的均衡方式。(2)针对电动摩托车用电池续驶里程不真实、剩余电量误差大的问题,本文通过研究常见剩余电量估算方式,提出开路电压法结合安时计算法,同时考虑铅酸蓄电池容量影响因素,实现了剩余电量的有效矫正,降低了估算误差,实现了准确估算。(3)在硬件设计方面,本系统采用单片机作为主控制器,同时选用低成本高性能元器件完成系统设计,主要控制电池组以最佳充电规律充电,完成电压、电流和温度的精确检测,并设计了可靠的保护及故障报警系统;本系统通过总线与上位机连接,便于实现实时信息传递和反馈。(4)在软件设计方面,本系统设计完成了主控制器程序以及各主要模块的程序设计。由于本系统采用串并自动转换电路,无论电池组串联或并联时,都能实时检测到各单电池的状态,并保存在存储器里,所以,通过对电池状态的分析能完成各单电池的寿命预测。(5)通过MALTAB对所设计的电动摩托车电池管理系统进行了仿真,并进行了数据分析。仿真结果表明,成功实现了系统功能。试验结果表明,本文设计的电池管理系统,能够很好地实现电池管理系统的电压检测、电流检测、温度检测、计算、电池过充电保护、欠电压保护、大电流保护、高温报警等功能,达到了设计要求。
[Abstract]:With the continuous expansion of Chinese cities, the rapidly growing demand for cars in the field of private transport is pushing more and more large and medium-sized cities to the limit of their traffic capacity. Electric motorcycles are operated quickly, docked conveniently and without pollution. Noise free and relatively cheap price, become the closest to the actual needs of a vehicle, its national capacity is huge. The research shows that the battery life is short, the estimation error of battery SOC is large, the driving mileage is not true and so on. The main reason is that the battery pack has no careful system management, and it is overcharged and overdischarged for a long time. This results in a rapid decline in battery performance or battery failure. Therefore, the design of a battery management system for electric motorcycles is of great significance to the market of electric motorcycles in China. In order to solve the above problems, a battery management system is proposed for the lead-acid battery, the power source of electric motorcycles. The lead-acid battery pack is composed of four 12V lead-acid batteries in series. The management system is composed of main charging circuit, data acquisition circuit, protection circuit, display circuit, storage circuit and alarm circuit. The main research contents are as follows: (1) aiming at the problem that the inconsistency between the single cell affects the battery life, this paper proposes a parallel equalization method based on the series-parallel switching method by studying the common equalization charging methods. In this way, series batteries can be charged in parallel, discharge in series, balance between single cells can be realized, and the "bucket effect" of battery pack can be restrained, so it is the most suitable for electric motorcycle with compact structure. (2) in view of the problem that the battery continuous mileage of electric motorcycle is not true and the error of residual quantity is large, this paper puts forward the open-circuit voltage method combined with the ampere-hour calculation method by studying the common methods of estimating residual electricity quantity. At the same time, considering the influence factors of the capacity of lead-acid battery, the residual power can be corrected effectively, the estimation error is reduced, and the accurate estimation is realized. (3) in the hardware design, the single-chip microcomputer is used as the main controller in the system. At the same time, the components with low cost and high performance are selected to complete the system design. The battery pack is mainly controlled to charge with the best charging rule, and the accurate detection of voltage, current and temperature is completed, and a reliable protection and fault alarm system is designed. The system connects with the host computer through the bus, which is convenient to realize the real-time information transmission and feedback. (4) in the software design, the main controller program and the program design of the main modules are completed. Because the system adopts series-parallel automatic conversion circuit, whether in series or in parallel, the state of each single cell can be detected in real time and stored in memory. The battery life prediction can be completed by analyzing the battery state. (5) the battery management system of electric motorcycle is simulated by MALTAB and the data is analyzed. The simulation results show that the system functions are realized successfully. The test results show that the battery management system designed in this paper can achieve the battery management system voltage detection, current detection, temperature detection, calculation, battery overcharge protection, under-voltage protection, high-current protection, High temperature alarm and other functions, meet the design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U483

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