轿车正面小角度碰撞和耐撞安全性分析

发布时间：2018-06-29 09:40

本文选题：小角度碰撞 + 有限元　；参考：《青岛理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着汽车工业的不断发展,车辆的被动安全性成为人们日益关注的焦点。现实生活中,大部分的碰撞形式都为小角度碰撞,这种碰撞形式会对车辆和驾驶员造成更为严重的伤害,另外,车辆与城市道路护栏的碰撞极易引起二次伤害,造成严重的后果。这就使得研究车辆的小角度碰撞和护栏碰撞有着非常重要的现实意义。通过正面全宽碰撞和小角度碰撞的对比,观察车辆前围板、前纵梁和A、B、C柱的变形,从而得出两种碰撞形式对驾驶员生存空间的影响。车辆与护栏的碰撞研究中,对不同材料、形状和连接方式的护栏分别进行模拟仿真,分析不同护栏的安全性能,并对护栏横梁对驾驶员的二次伤害进行分析。首先利用Hyper Mesh软件建立整车和护栏的有限元模型,如:网格划分、几何清理、设置材料属性、建立连接等工作;然后根据相应的法律法规赋予车辆初始速度,并进行关键字卡片设置,将模型保存为K文件后,导入LS-DYNA软件进行计算;最后利用Hyper View和Hyper Graph软件对结果进行分析。通过对结果的分析可以得到结论:在同一碰撞速度下,小角度碰撞会对驾驶员生存空间造成更大的影响。在车辆与护栏碰撞过程中,护栏横梁与立柱之间采用一体化构造比采用焊接的方式安全性更好;钢材质的护栏性能要好于PVC材质的护栏;圆柱形护栏性能要稍好于矩形管形状的护栏,但是圆柱形护栏容易使车辆发生骑跨现象;采用焊接方式的矩形管形状的护栏,在发生碰撞后,护栏横梁极易与立柱发生脱离,进而使护栏横梁穿透前挡风玻璃对驾驶员造成二次伤害,并且这种伤害往往是致命的。最后提出了一些改进方法,来避免护栏对驾驶员造成的二次伤害,并对城市道路护栏的选取提出了一些建议。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of automobile industry, passive safety of vehicles has become the focus of increasing attention. In real life, most of the collision forms are small angle collisions, which will cause more serious damage to vehicles and drivers. In addition, the collision between vehicles and urban road guardrails can easily cause secondary injuries. With serious consequences. This makes the research of vehicle small angle collision and guardrail collision has very important practical significance. Through the comparison of full-width front impact and small angle collision, the deformation of front coaming plate, front longitudinal beam and Agni Bu C column is observed, and the influence of two kinds of collision forms on the driver's living space is obtained. In the research of collision between vehicle and guardrail, the different materials, shapes and connections of guardrail are simulated, and the safety performance of different guardrails is analyzed, and the secondary injury of guardrail beams to drivers is analyzed. Firstly, the finite element model of the whole vehicle and guardrail is established by using Hyper mesh software, such as mesh division, geometric cleaning, material attribute setting, connection establishment and so on, and then the initial speed of vehicle is assigned according to the corresponding laws and regulations. The key card is set up, the model is saved as K file, and the LS-DYNA software is imported to calculate it. Finally, the results are analyzed by Hyper View and Hyper Graph software. Through the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that under the same collision velocity, the small angle collision will have a greater impact on the driver's living space. In the process of vehicle collision with guardrail, it is better to adopt integrated structure between railing beam and column than welding, and the performance of steel guardrail is better than that of PVC material guardrail. The performance of cylindrical guardrail is slightly better than that of rectangular tube type guardrail, but cylindrical guardrail is easy to make vehicle ride across. After collision, railing beam is easy to detach from column. The barrier beam penetrates the front windshield and causes secondary damage to the driver, which is often fatal. Finally, some improvement methods are put forward to avoid the secondary injury caused by guardrail to the driver, and some suggestions on the selection of urban road guardrail are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U467.14

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