电动汽车用永磁同步电机宽调速范围控制策略的研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 23:46

本文选题：电动汽车 + 内置式永磁同步电机　；参考：《杭州电子科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：电机作为电动汽车驱动系统的核心部件,其控制策略和调速能力对整车的性能和驾驶体验有很大的影响。本文结合电动汽车的运行工况和行驶要求,就车用永磁同步电机宽调速范围的控制策略开展了研究。电动汽车复杂多变的运行工况要求车用驱动电机具有较宽的调速范围和较强的转矩输出能力。本文选用内置式永磁同步电机作为电动汽车驱动电机,提出宽调速范围内的矢量控制策略,即在低速运行区采用最大转矩电流比控制,高速运行区采用基于负直轴电流补偿的弱磁控制,使电机能从低速区平滑地过渡到高速区,实现驱动系统高效率、宽速度范围运行。为了进一步提高直流母线电压的利用率,将一种简化的SVPWM过调制算法应用在控制系统中,并着重分析过调制算法对电机弱磁控制性能的影响。仿真结果表明,在母线电压不变的情况下,过调制算法的应用可以提高逆变器的输出电压,增大弱磁区的转矩输出,缩短动态响应时间,并且能扩大转速范围。在使用传统电流PI调节器的矢量控制系统中,存在电流解耦不完全的问题。当电动汽车高速行驶时车用电机工作在弱磁区,电流解耦不完全带来的耦合效应比较突出,造成较大的交直轴电流跟踪误差,导致转矩输出性能变差。本文采用电流反馈解耦算法实现了电流的完全解耦控制,同时针对该解耦算法中需要电机参数的问题,采用递推最小二乘法进行电机参数的在线辨识,提高了系统对参数扰动的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,本文提出的基于电机参数辨识的电流反馈解耦算法在弱磁区能够使实际电流快速准确地跟踪给定电流,从而提高电机的转矩输出能力,增强系统的动态性能。最后,以TMS320F28335为主控芯片,设计了电动汽车用电机驱动系统的硬件平台,针对本文提出的控制策略编写了相应的软件代码,进行了初步的实验与测试。结果表明,本文提出的宽调速范围控制策略有效、可行,为后续的深入研究奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:As the core component of electric vehicle drive system, the control strategy and speed regulation ability of motor have great influence on the performance and driving experience of the whole vehicle. In this paper, the control strategy of wide speed range of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is studied according to the running conditions and driving requirements of electric vehicles. The complex and changeable operating conditions of electric vehicles require a wide range of speed regulation and strong torque output ability. In this paper, the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is selected as the driving motor of electric vehicle, and the vector control strategy in the wide speed range is put forward, that is, the maximum torque / current ratio control is adopted in the low speed operation area. The weak magnetic field control based on negative straight axis current compensation is adopted in the high-speed operation area, which enables the motor to smoothly transition from the low speed region to the high speed zone, and realizes the drive system running in a high efficiency and wide speed range. In order to improve the utilization rate of DC bus voltage, a simplified SVPWM overmodulation algorithm is applied to the control system, and the influence of overmodulation algorithm on the performance of motor weak magnetic field control is analyzed. The simulation results show that the over-modulation algorithm can increase the output voltage of the inverter, increase the torque output in the weak magnetic field, shorten the dynamic response time, and expand the speed range under the condition of constant bus voltage. In the vector control system using traditional current Pi regulator, the current decoupling is incomplete. When the electric vehicle is driving at high speed, the coupling effect caused by the incomplete current decoupling is obvious, which results in a large current tracking error and a poor torque output performance. In this paper, the current feedback decoupling algorithm is used to realize the complete decoupling control of the current. At the same time, the recursive least square method is used to identify the parameters of the motor in order to solve the problem of the need of the motor parameters in the decoupling algorithm. The robustness of the system to parameter disturbance is improved. The simulation results show that the proposed current feedback decoupling algorithm based on motor parameter identification can make the actual current track the given current quickly and accurately in the weak magnetic field, thus improving the torque output ability of the motor and enhancing the dynamic performance of the system. Finally, using TMS320F28335 as the main control chip, the hardware platform of the electric vehicle motor drive system is designed. The corresponding software code is compiled for the control strategy proposed in this paper, and the preliminary experiment and test are carried out. The results show that the wide speed range control strategy proposed in this paper is effective and feasible, which lays a foundation for further research.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM341;U469.72

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