电动汽车无刷直流电机能量回馈制动系统的研究
发布时间：2018-08-04 16:38
【摘要】：随着全球汽车数量的急剧增加,环境污染以及能源短缺问题已成为世界各国关注的焦点。电动汽车因其具有零污染以及较高的能源利用率的优点,成为全球各大汽车生产商研究的焦点,被认为是燃油汽车的主要替代品。但是蓄电池的能量密度较低以及一次充电续驶里程短的问题,成为限制电动汽车推广发展的关键因素。解决电动汽车续驶里程短的问题目前主要通过能量回馈制动来实现,即在汽车刹车的过程中,通过将电动机转变为发电机,将汽车制动减少的动能转化为电能回充到蓄电池中,实现能源的再利用。同时在此过程中产生一个制动的作用力,提高了汽车的制动效能。为了提高电动汽车的能源利用率,增加汽车一次充电的续驶里程,论文对无刷直流电机能量回馈制动系统进行了深入研究。论文首先介绍了电动汽车以及能量回馈制动技术在国内外的研究现状。分析了市面上各种电机的优缺点,选择无刷直流电机作为本次研究的电机模型,并根据无刷直流电机的工作原理和基本结构建立了它的数学模型。然后对无刷直流电机能量回馈制动的原理进行了深入的研究,分析了在半桥调制控制下能量回馈制动过程中的电路状态,并在以上基础上介绍了在一个PWM周期内电路中的回馈制动电流、反电动势以及占空比之间的数学关系。对能量回馈制动中的约束条件和控制策略进行了分析,选择恒转矩能量回馈制动控制作为论文的控制策略。在模糊控制理论的基础上设计了一个三维的模糊控制器,并以该模糊控制器为控制核心建立了无刷直流电机能量回馈制动系统的仿真模型。在MATLAB/Simulink环境中进行仿真,结果显示提出的恒转矩模糊控制策略取得了理想的能量回收效果以及制动控制效果。最后完成了基于DSP控制的无刷直流电机能量回馈制动系统的硬件电路设计,主要包括驱动电路的设计、主电路的设计、检测电路的设计以及降压电路设计。并对无刷直流电机能量回馈制动系统进行软件编程,采用模块化设计,增强了程序的可读性和通用性。论文对基于DSP芯片TMS320LF2407A控制的无刷直流电机能量回馈制动系统进行了实验验证,给出了实验中得出的数据和波形,根据得出的数据和波形对实验结果进行了总结分析,验证了论文所提出的无刷直流电机能量回馈制动策略的可行性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid increase of the number of cars in the world, environmental pollution and energy shortage have become the focus of attention all over the world. Because of its advantages of zero pollution and high energy efficiency, electric vehicles (EV) have become the focus of research among the major automobile manufacturers around the world, and are considered as the main alternatives to fuel vehicles. However, the low energy density of the battery and the short driving mileage of the primary charge are the key factors restricting the popularization and development of electric vehicles. At present, the problem of short driving mileage of electric vehicle is mainly realized by energy feedback braking, that is, in the process of braking, the motor is transformed into a generator, and the reduced kinetic energy of the brake is converted into electric energy to be recharged into the battery. To realize the reuse of energy. At the same time, a braking force is produced in the process, which improves the braking efficiency of the vehicle. In order to improve the energy efficiency of electric vehicles and increase the driving mileage of single charge, the energy feedback braking system of brushless DC motor is studied in this paper. This paper firstly introduces the research status of electric vehicle and energy feedback braking technology at home and abroad. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of motors on the market, selects brushless DC motor as the motor model of this study, and establishes its mathematical model according to the working principle and basic structure of brushless DC motor. Then, the principle of energy feedback braking of brushless DC motor is deeply studied, and the circuit state of energy feedback braking under half-bridge modulation control is analyzed. On the basis of the above, the mathematical relations among the feedback braking current, the back EMF and the duty cycle in a PWM cycle are introduced. The constraint conditions and control strategies of energy feedback braking are analyzed, and the constant torque energy feedback braking control is chosen as the control strategy in this paper. Based on the fuzzy control theory, a three-dimensional fuzzy controller is designed, and the simulation model of the brushless DC motor energy feedback braking system is established with the fuzzy controller as the control core. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink environment show that the proposed fuzzy control strategy of constant torque achieves ideal energy recovery effect and braking control effect. Finally, the hardware circuit design of brushless DC motor energy feedback braking system based on DSP control is completed, including the design of driving circuit, the design of main circuit, the design of detection circuit and the design of step-down circuit. And the energy feedback braking system of brushless DC motor is programmed by software and modular design is adopted to enhance the readability and versatility of the program. In this paper, the energy feedback braking system of brushless DC motor based on DSP chip TMS320LF2407A is verified experimentally. The data and waveform obtained from the experiment are given, and the experimental results are summarized and analyzed according to the obtained data and waveform. The feasibility of energy feedback braking strategy of brushless DC motor proposed in this paper is verified.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.72
[Abstract]:With the rapid increase of the number of cars in the world, environmental pollution and energy shortage have become the focus of attention all over the world. Because of its advantages of zero pollution and high energy efficiency, electric vehicles (EV) have become the focus of research among the major automobile manufacturers around the world, and are considered as the main alternatives to fuel vehicles. However, the low energy density of the battery and the short driving mileage of the primary charge are the key factors restricting the popularization and development of electric vehicles. At present, the problem of short driving mileage of electric vehicle is mainly realized by energy feedback braking, that is, in the process of braking, the motor is transformed into a generator, and the reduced kinetic energy of the brake is converted into electric energy to be recharged into the battery. To realize the reuse of energy. At the same time, a braking force is produced in the process, which improves the braking efficiency of the vehicle. In order to improve the energy efficiency of electric vehicles and increase the driving mileage of single charge, the energy feedback braking system of brushless DC motor is studied in this paper. This paper firstly introduces the research status of electric vehicle and energy feedback braking technology at home and abroad. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of motors on the market, selects brushless DC motor as the motor model of this study, and establishes its mathematical model according to the working principle and basic structure of brushless DC motor. Then, the principle of energy feedback braking of brushless DC motor is deeply studied, and the circuit state of energy feedback braking under half-bridge modulation control is analyzed. On the basis of the above, the mathematical relations among the feedback braking current, the back EMF and the duty cycle in a PWM cycle are introduced. The constraint conditions and control strategies of energy feedback braking are analyzed, and the constant torque energy feedback braking control is chosen as the control strategy in this paper. Based on the fuzzy control theory, a three-dimensional fuzzy controller is designed, and the simulation model of the brushless DC motor energy feedback braking system is established with the fuzzy controller as the control core. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink environment show that the proposed fuzzy control strategy of constant torque achieves ideal energy recovery effect and braking control effect. Finally, the hardware circuit design of brushless DC motor energy feedback braking system based on DSP control is completed, including the design of driving circuit, the design of main circuit, the design of detection circuit and the design of step-down circuit. And the energy feedback braking system of brushless DC motor is programmed by software and modular design is adopted to enhance the readability and versatility of the program. In this paper, the energy feedback braking system of brushless DC motor based on DSP chip TMS320LF2407A is verified experimentally. The data and waveform obtained from the experiment are given, and the experimental results are summarized and analyzed according to the obtained data and waveform. The feasibility of energy feedback braking strategy of brushless DC motor proposed in this paper is verified.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.72
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本文编号：2164470
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