碳纤维复合材料纯电动汽车车身结构优化设计

发布时间：2018-08-25 17:37

【摘要】：纯电动汽车(PEV)的发展是汽车产业向着智能化、电动化、轻量化方向转型的重要环节。汽车产业在第三次工业革命的影响下,将会在汽车选材、生产制造方式以及能源信息等方面产生颠覆性、革命性的变化。目前,纯电动汽车的发展还处于早起阶段,汽车市场依然被传统燃油车所占据;但是,随着技术的发展和环境的变化,纯电动汽车的社会需求量会越来越大。纯电动汽车在动力系统、能源系统方面与传统车存在较大差异,因此对其整车结构形式包括车身结构都需提出新的设计要求。研究概念设计阶段电动汽车车身结构优化方法对于提高整车性能,缩短设计周期有着重要意义。本文的研究主要以车身刚度性能为主导,采用了新型碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)对非承载式纯电动汽车车身结构进行优化设计。碳纤维复合材料是实现车身轻量化的理想材料;采用非承载式车身的纯电动汽车,其车身承受的载荷较小,便于轻型材料的使用和车身个性化设计,能够更好的满足社会需求。本文详细分析了碳纤维复合材料各向异性的力学特性,参考某款成熟电动汽车车身结构建立车身简化模型,确定了18个主断面的位置及参数;通过计算得到了车架传递到车身的载荷大小,采用传递矩阵法建立了车身刚度链计算模型,准确描述了复合材料电动车车身主断面属性与刚度的关系;以复合材料的铺层参数为优化变量,车身刚强度为主要约束条件,车身质量最小为目标函数利用遗传算法进行求解,得到了满足车身刚强度要求的复合材料电动汽车车身主断面参数;论文最后将复合材料车身刚度计算结果与钢制材料车身刚度对比,验证了复合材料刚度链模型的准确性,同时也证明了碳纤维复合材料应用到纯电动汽车车身结构设计中的可行性。本文的研究为新材料在汽车行业的应用发展提供了有价值的参考,为纯电动汽车车身的开发创新探讨了新的设计思路。
[Abstract]:The development of pure electric vehicle (PEV) is an important link in the direction of intelligent, electric and lightweight. Under the influence of the third Industrial Revolution, the automobile industry will bring about subversive and revolutionary changes in the fields of automobile selection, manufacturing methods and energy information. At present, the development of pure electric vehicles is still in the early stage, the automobile market is still occupied by traditional fuel vehicles. However, with the development of technology and the change of environment, the social demand of pure electric vehicles will be more and more. The pure electric vehicle is different from the traditional vehicle in power system and energy system, so it is necessary to put forward new design requirements for the whole vehicle structure, including the body structure. It is important to study the optimization method of electric vehicle body structure in conceptual design stage for improving the vehicle performance and shortening the design period. In this paper, a new carbon fiber composite material (CFRP) is used to optimize the body structure of a non-bearing pure electric vehicle (EV). Carbon fiber composite is the ideal material to realize the lightweight of the body, and the pure electric vehicle with non-load-bearing body bears less load, which is convenient for the use of light materials and individualized design of the body, and can better meet the needs of the society. In this paper, the anisotropic mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites are analyzed in detail. Referring to the body structure of a mature electric vehicle, the simplified body model is established, and the position and parameters of 18 main sections are determined. Through the calculation, the load size of the frame to the vehicle body is obtained, and the calculation model of the body stiffness chain is established by using the transfer matrix method, and the relationship between the main section attribute and the stiffness of the composite electric vehicle body is accurately described. The composite layer parameters are taken as the optimization variables, the rigid strength of the body is the main constraint condition, and the body mass is minimized as the objective function, and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem. The main section parameters of composite electric vehicle body which meet the requirements of rigid strength are obtained. Finally, the stiffness calculation results of composite body are compared with that of steel body, and the accuracy of the composite stiffness chain model is verified. At the same time, the feasibility of the application of carbon fiber composites in the body structure design of pure electric vehicle is proved. The research in this paper provides a valuable reference for the application and development of new materials in automobile industry, and probes into a new design idea for the development and innovation of pure electric vehicle body.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.82;U469.72

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