某客车新型复合式空气悬架设计及其性能优化研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 16:03

【摘要】：汽车的操纵性能和行驶平顺性,随着我国汽车工业技术的积累,正在越来越多的被重视起来。在车辆开发过程中也引入多种虚拟样机技术进行提升开发车辆的性能。但现实情况是我国在客车领域任然保有大量传统悬架结构,因陈旧的悬架技术和薄弱的性能开发能力,造就传统客车车辆的乘坐舒适性不能满足人们对乘坐的需求。针对某型号客车在客户使用过程中反映后排座椅振动冲击较大,有不适感。对样车进行平顺性路试试验后得到结果与客户反映情况描述一致。调研了国内外同类型客车后,制定了解决方案为:改制后悬架,通过降低后悬架固有偏频,并利用复合式空气悬架的变刚度特性来改善整车平顺性。本文的主要内容包括:根据分解得到的性能目标车悬架设计参数进行了复合式空气悬架的设计流程阐述,并就文中重点应用的空气弹簧进行了刚度特性研究,推导了其刚度特性表达式,指出了对膜式气簧刚度影响较大的是活塞形状,并通过修改活塞改制气簧使满足悬架设计目标。并对气簧和减振器特性进行了试验设计。在方案实施中应用了虚拟样机技术,建立了改制后客车的悬架和整车仿真模型,并在此基础上进行了悬架仿真与整车操稳仿真。通过对比改制车试验数据和仿真数据验证了模型的准确性。通过平顺性仿真结果与原车试验结果的对比验证了方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:With the accumulation of automobile industry technology, more and more attention has been paid to the maneuverability and ride comfort of automobile. In the process of vehicle development, a variety of virtual prototyping technologies are also introduced to improve the performance of the vehicle development. However, the reality is that China still maintains a large number of traditional suspension structures in the field of passenger cars. Due to the obsolete suspension technology and weak capability of performance development, the ride comfort of traditional passenger cars cannot meet the needs of people. In view of a passenger car in the customer use process reflects the rear seat vibration shock is bigger, has the discomfort. The results are consistent with the customer's description. After investigating the same type of passenger cars at home and abroad, the solutions are as follows: after reforming the suspension, the inherent frequency deviation of the rear suspension is reduced, and the ride comfort of the vehicle is improved by using the variable stiffness characteristics of the compound air suspension. The main contents of this paper are as follows: according to the design parameters of the performance target vehicle suspension, the design process of the composite air suspension is described, and the stiffness characteristics of the air spring used in this paper are studied. In this paper, the expression of stiffness characteristics is derived, and the piston shape is pointed out, which has a great influence on the stiffness of membrane air spring, and the suspension design goal is satisfied by modifying the piston to make the air spring. The characteristics of air spring and shock absorber are designed and tested. The virtual prototyping technology is applied in the implementation of the scheme, and the suspension and vehicle simulation models of the reformed passenger car are established, and the suspension simulation and the vehicle operation stability simulation are carried out on the basis of the model. The veracity of the model is verified by comparing the test data and the simulation data. The feasibility of the scheme is verified by comparing the simulation results of ride comfort with the test results of the original vehicle.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.33

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