基于人体测量学的拖拉机驾驶员工作空间设计

发布时间：2018-10-13 13:41

【摘要】：针对中国拖拉机驾驶员工作空间设计在操纵性、舒适性、方便性和安全性等方面存在的不足,该文从人机工程学角度出发,基于中国成年男性人体测量尺寸,计算出设计所需的28项人体主要尺寸的平均值、标准差和百分位数值,建立了拖拉机驾驶员人体关节生物力学模型,确定了模型中连接与人体测量尺寸的数值关系。以乘坐基准点为参考,对驾驶员工作空间内的座椅、踏板、转向盘、变速杆、液压操纵杆和仪表盘等进行了设计布置。选取了5个国产拖拉机样机T1、T2、T3、T4、T5,针对样机T1,以驾驶员工作空间各相应部件位置的设计理论值为依据,对其驾驶员工作空间布置进行了评价分析,结果表明:样机T1的座椅靠背宽度与夹角分别偏离理论值130 mm和15°;离合器踏板及制动踏板在水平方向上分别偏离理论值131和145 mm;转向盘在垂直方向上偏离理论值114 mm;仪表盘在水平、垂直方向及其与水平面夹角分别偏离理论值121 mm、199 mm和23.2°,与理论值偏差较大。同理,对其他样机进行了评价分析,结果表明:样机之间同类部件参数值差异较大,样机驾驶员工作空间尺寸与通过人体测量尺寸数据计算得出的设计理论值差异明显,样机驾驶员工作空间设计布置不合理。该文为评价驾驶室工作空间布置是否合理提供了一定的参考依据,同时为拖拉机驾驶员工作空间的优化设计奠定了理论基础。
[Abstract]:In view of the shortcomings of Chinese tractor driver workspace design in maneuverability, comfort, convenience and safety, this paper, from the point of view of ergonomics, based on the measurement of human body size of Chinese adult men. The average value, standard deviation and percentile value of 28 main dimensions of human body are calculated, and the biomechanical model of tractor driver's human joint is established, and the numerical relationship between the connection and the measured dimensions of human body in the model is determined. The seat, pedal, steering wheel, gearrod, hydraulic joystick and instrument panel in the driver's workspace are designed and arranged with reference to the ride reference point. In this paper, five domestic tractor prototypes T1T2T3T3T4T5 are selected, and the layout of driver workspace is evaluated and analyzed according to the design theory value of the corresponding parts of the driver workspace. The results show that the seat backrest width and angle of the prototype T1 deviate from the theoretical values of 130 mm and 15 掳, respectively, and the clutch pedal and brake pedal deviate from the theoretical values in the horizontal direction of 131 and 145 mm; steering wheels in the vertical direction, respectively. The 114 mm; dashboard is horizontal, The vertical direction and the angle between the vertical direction and the horizontal plane deviate from the theoretical values of 121 mm,199 mm and 23.2 掳, respectively, which are quite different from the theoretical values. In the same way, the other prototypes are evaluated and analyzed. The results show that the parameters of the same kind of components differ greatly among the prototypes, and the size of the workspace of the prototype driver is obviously different from the design theory value calculated by the size data of the human body measurement. The layout of the workspace of the prototype driver is unreasonable. This paper provides a certain reference basis for evaluating whether the layout of cab workspace is reasonable and lays a theoretical foundation for the optimization design of tractor driver's workspace.
【作者单位】：河南科技大学车辆与交通工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51375145) 河南省基础与前沿技术研究项目(152300410080) 中国博士后科学基金项目(2015M582212)
【分类号】：S219.02

【相似文献】