极限状态下汽车制动性能控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-10-13 18:33

【摘要】：极限制动状态下,汽车的控制策略是关乎汽车制动性能的重点研究课题。其中,汽车防抱死制动系统(Anti-lock Braking System,ABS)的应用,可大大提高汽车的制动安全性能。作为重要的制动安全控制机构,在汽车遇到突发情况紧急刹车时,能够控制车轮制动液压缸的压力,从而调节制动压力,防止车轮抱死产生侧滑、甩尾现象,缩短制动距离,最终保证车辆制动时方向的稳定性,改善汽车的制动性能。如今,ABS已是一种有效的汽车制动标准配置,针对ABS控制策略的研究已经开展了很多。然而,极限制动状态下,制动距离会延长,跑偏的可能性加大,影响制动效果,如何优化ABS机构的控制策略,并结合辅助制动机构,使其最大程度的改善制动效能将成为未来研究的热点。首先阐述了ABS系统的研究意义、基本结果及其工作原理,综述了汽车ABS控制策略的国内外现状及发展趋势,并通过对比分析现有ABS控制策略对制动性能的影响,明确了改进ABS控制方法的必要性和可行性。在模型建立过程中,采用基于参数化建模的Carsim软件,建立两厢中型轿车整车动力学三维仿真模型;分别设计基于滑移率误差的PID逻辑门限ABS控制器和模糊PID控制器;构建冰雪路面、分离路面紧急制动工况进行联合制动防抱死控制,选取侧向位移、制动距离等评价标准与配置原ABS控制器的车辆的制动性能作对比,以验证改进后ABS控制器的有效性。设计辅助制动机构,构建冰雪路面紧急制动工况,测试垂向加速度、制动轨迹、制动距离,验证辅助制动机构的有效性。仿真结果表明,设计的基于滑移率误差的PID逻辑门限ABS控制器和模糊PID控制器可以有效地改善车辆在极限工况下的制动效果,极大地提升了汽车的操纵稳定性和驾驶安全性。辅助制动机构获得了更短的制动距离与良好的方向稳定性,且不影响车辆的正常行驶。
[Abstract]:Under the limit braking condition, the control strategy of the vehicle is the key research topic of the vehicle braking performance. The application of automobile anti-lock braking system (Anti-lock Braking System,ABS) can greatly improve the braking safety performance of automobile. As an important brake safety control mechanism, it can control the pressure of the wheel brake hydraulic cylinder when the automobile meets the emergency brake situation, so as to adjust the brake pressure, prevent the sideslip, tail flick, and shorten the braking distance. Finally, the direction stability of vehicle braking is guaranteed and the braking performance is improved. Nowadays, ABS is an effective vehicle braking standard configuration, and many researches on ABS control strategy have been carried out. However, under the limit braking condition, the braking distance will be prolonged, the possibility of running deviation will be increased, the braking effect will be affected, how to optimize the control strategy of the ABS mechanism and combine with the auxiliary brake mechanism, To improve the braking efficiency to the greatest extent will become the focus of future research. Firstly, the research significance, basic results and working principle of ABS system are expounded. The present situation and development trend of automobile ABS control strategy at home and abroad are summarized, and the influence of existing ABS control strategy on braking performance is compared and analyzed. The necessity and feasibility of improving ABS control method are clarified. In the process of establishing the model, Carsim software based on parametric modeling is used to establish the three-dimensional simulation model of the whole car dynamics, and the PID logic threshold ABS controller and the fuzzy PID controller based on slip ratio error are designed respectively. The ice and snow pavement is constructed, the road surface is separated from the emergency braking condition and combined braking and anti-lock control is carried out. The evaluation standards of lateral displacement and braking distance are compared with the braking performance of the vehicle equipped with the original ABS controller. To verify the effectiveness of the improved ABS controller. The auxiliary braking mechanism is designed, the emergency braking condition of ice and snow pavement is constructed, the vertical acceleration, braking track and braking distance are tested, and the effectiveness of the auxiliary braking mechanism is verified. The simulation results show that the designed PID logic threshold ABS controller and fuzzy PID controller based on slip error can effectively improve the braking effect of the vehicle under the limit condition and greatly improve the handling stability and driving safety of the vehicle. The auxiliary braking mechanism achieves shorter braking distance and better directional stability, and does not affect the normal running of the vehicle.
【学位授予单位】：天津职业技术师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.5

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