汽车油门防误踩智能控制系统

发布时间：2018-11-03 15:46

【摘要】：作为人们出行的主要交通工具之一,汽车的数量逐年增加,给人们带来方便的同时,其安全问题不容忽视。如今,汽车主动安全技术已经成为汽车发展的重点和趋势。在交通事故中,由于误踩油门引发的事故比比皆是,开展防误踩技术的研究能有效避免或减少这类事故的发生,具有很高的研究价值和广阔的发展前景。目前国内对于防误踩方面的研究还处于初级阶段,防误踩系统的关键技术,如车辆行驶状态信息的检测和误踩判定标准等,还需进一步完善优化。本文针对驾驶员将油门当成刹车误踩的问题,总结现有相关设计的优点与不足,在不改变汽车原有操作结构的基础上,对汽车行驶、制动、安全距离等模型进行理论分析,根据理论分析的结果设定相应阈值;采用毫米波雷达传感器检测汽车与障碍物的距离和相对速度,通过油门踏板运动状态的变化引发踏板输出电压变化,再由踏板输出电压和下踏角度的关系可得出踏板下踏的角度,经过A/D转换、采样、微分即可得知此时踏板的角加速度值。将采集到的数据输入到由STM32主控板组成的中央控制单元,分别在数据检测、信号处理和中控单元等模块对数据进行分析处理,并利用模糊算法与设定的相关阈值比较、分析,最终得出判定结果,输出控制信号,实现防止误踩的功能。根据系统功能设计了相应的实验方案,对系统进行测试。实验表明:本系统具有较高的测距精度,在车速30-100km/h范围内的测距误差不超过0.2m;当雷达系统发出报警信号提示时,如果驾驶员对汽车没有任何操作,系统会在车距接近于最小制动距离时输出制动信号控制汽车紧急制动,保证汽车能够安全停住,防止碰撞事故的发生;在雷达报警时,同时检测油门踏板的角加速度,将当前角加速度与设定阈值比较判定是否有误踩情况的发生。通过踏板实验可知,油门踏板判定结果的准确度达到95%,由于驾驶员的身体素质因人而异,作用在踏板上的力也不同,系统会有误判情况的发生,对此可以通过适当调整油门踏板角加速度阈值来解决。另外,本系统虽然实现了防止误踩的功能,但也存在一些不足,有些部分还需完善,如在车上进行实际应用测试、制动部分控制等。
[Abstract]:As one of the main means of transportation, the number of cars increases year by year, which brings convenience to people, but its safety problems can not be ignored. Nowadays, auto active safety technology has become the focus and trend of automobile development. In traffic accidents, accidents caused by misstepping throttle are everywhere. The research of anti-stepping technology can effectively avoid or reduce the occurrence of such accidents, which has high research value and broad development prospects. At present, the research on anti-false stepping is still in the primary stage in our country. The key technologies of the anti-stepping system, such as the detection of vehicle driving state information and the criterion of error trampling, need to be further improved and optimized. Aiming at the problem that the driver mistook the throttle as the brake, this paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing related designs. On the basis of not changing the original operating structure of the vehicle, this paper makes a theoretical analysis of the vehicle driving, braking, safety distance and other models. The corresponding threshold is set according to the results of theoretical analysis. The millimeter wave radar sensor is used to detect the distance and relative velocity between the vehicle and the obstacle, and the change of the pedal output voltage is caused by the change of the motion state of the accelerator pedal. From the relationship between the pedal output voltage and the pedal angle, the angle of pedal understepping can be obtained. The angular acceleration of the pedal can be obtained by means of A- / D conversion, sampling and differential. The collected data is input into the central control unit composed of the STM32 main control board, and the data are analyzed and processed in the data detection, signal processing and central control unit respectively, and the fuzzy algorithm is compared with the set relevant threshold value to analyze, and analyze the data in the data detection module, the signal processing module and the central control unit module. Finally, the decision result is obtained, the control signal is output, and the function of preventing false step is realized. According to the function of the system, the corresponding experimental scheme is designed, and the system is tested. The experimental results show that the system has high ranging accuracy and the ranging error within the range of speed 30-100km/h is not more than 0.2 m. When the radar system sends out an alarm signal, if the driver has no operation on the car, the system will output the brake signal to control the emergency braking of the car when the distance is close to the minimum braking distance, so as to ensure that the car can stop safely. Prevention of collision accidents; At the same time, the angular acceleration of accelerator pedal is detected, and the current angular acceleration is compared with the set threshold to determine whether there is a false step. Through the pedal experiment, we can see that the accuracy of the judging result of throttle pedal is 95%, because the driver's physical quality varies from person to person and the force acting on the pedal is also different, the system will have misjudgment. This can be solved by properly adjusting the angular acceleration threshold of throttle pedal. In addition, although the system has realized the function of preventing false stepping, there are still some shortcomings, some parts still need to be perfected, such as the actual application test in the vehicle, the brake part control and so on.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.6

【相似文献】