基于拓扑优化与灵敏度分析的公交车车身骨架轻量化
发布时间：2018-11-03 19:14
【摘要】：公交车是人们出行的重要交通工具,其轻量化能有效提高载客量,实现节能减排。车身骨架是客车的主要承载结构,对其进行轻量化研究具有重要意义。依据有限元思想,运用现代优化理论,采用优化设计方法,借助有限元软件,对某客车公司的公交车车身骨架进行了轻量化研究。以构建的公交车三维数字模型为基础,模拟了公交车悬架系统以及车身骨架有限元模型,进行了典型四种工况即水平弯曲、极限扭转、紧急制动、急速转弯工况的模拟,分析了骨架静态特性。通过车身骨架自由模态的低阶振动情况分析了骨架动态特性,得到了骨架的强度、刚度以及低阶振动频率的参数。以骨架的一阶弯曲频率、一阶扭转频率、弯曲柔度以及扭转柔度为约束条件,以体积最小为目标函数,对骨架进行了拓扑优化。以拓扑优化结果为依据,选取371组杆件为设计变量,对骨架进行了灵敏度分析。根据拓扑优化和灵敏度分析的结果,结合企业对定型产品的规定要求以及钢结构材料的国家标准,提出了车身骨架的轻量化方案,使骨架质量减轻了240kg。与原骨架相比,新骨架保持了原有的扭转刚度和模态振动性能,弯曲刚度得到提高,强度性能明显改善,实现了客车车身骨架轻量化目标。
[Abstract]:Bus is an important vehicle for people to travel, its lightweight can effectively increase the capacity of passengers, achieve energy saving and emission reduction. Body skeleton is the main bearing structure of passenger cars, so it is of great significance to study its lightweight. According to the idea of finite element, using modern optimization theory, adopting optimization design method and using finite element software, the light weight of bus body skeleton of a bus company is studied. Based on the three dimensional digital model of bus, the finite element model of bus suspension system and body skeleton is simulated, and the typical four working conditions, namely horizontal bending, ultimate torsion, emergency braking and rapid turning, are simulated. The static properties of the skeleton are analyzed. The dynamic characteristics of the skeleton are analyzed by the low order vibration of the free mode of the body skeleton, and the parameters of the skeleton strength, stiffness and low order vibration frequency are obtained. Taking the first-order bending frequency, first-order torsional frequency, bending flexibility and torsional flexibility of the skeleton as the constraint conditions, and taking the minimum volume as the objective function, the topological optimization of the skeleton is carried out. Based on the results of topology optimization, 371 groups of bars are selected as design variables, and the sensitivity of skeleton is analyzed. According to the results of topology optimization and sensitivity analysis, combined with the requirements of the enterprise for the final products and the national standards of steel structure materials, the lightweight scheme of the body skeleton is put forward, which reduces the quality of the skeleton by 240 kg. Compared with the original skeleton, the new skeleton maintains the original torsional stiffness and modal vibration performance, and the bending stiffness is improved, the strength performance is improved obviously, and the lightweight target of the frame of the bus body is achieved.
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.831
[Abstract]:Bus is an important vehicle for people to travel, its lightweight can effectively increase the capacity of passengers, achieve energy saving and emission reduction. Body skeleton is the main bearing structure of passenger cars, so it is of great significance to study its lightweight. According to the idea of finite element, using modern optimization theory, adopting optimization design method and using finite element software, the light weight of bus body skeleton of a bus company is studied. Based on the three dimensional digital model of bus, the finite element model of bus suspension system and body skeleton is simulated, and the typical four working conditions, namely horizontal bending, ultimate torsion, emergency braking and rapid turning, are simulated. The static properties of the skeleton are analyzed. The dynamic characteristics of the skeleton are analyzed by the low order vibration of the free mode of the body skeleton, and the parameters of the skeleton strength, stiffness and low order vibration frequency are obtained. Taking the first-order bending frequency, first-order torsional frequency, bending flexibility and torsional flexibility of the skeleton as the constraint conditions, and taking the minimum volume as the objective function, the topological optimization of the skeleton is carried out. Based on the results of topology optimization, 371 groups of bars are selected as design variables, and the sensitivity of skeleton is analyzed. According to the results of topology optimization and sensitivity analysis, combined with the requirements of the enterprise for the final products and the national standards of steel structure materials, the lightweight scheme of the body skeleton is put forward, which reduces the quality of the skeleton by 240 kg. Compared with the original skeleton, the new skeleton maintains the original torsional stiffness and modal vibration performance, and the bending stiffness is improved, the strength performance is improved obviously, and the lightweight target of the frame of the bus body is achieved.
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.831
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