电动汽车永磁同步轮毂电机控制方法的研究

发布时间：2018-11-14 09:10

【摘要】：自上个世纪中叶,永久磁性材料被应用于电机的制造中,随着电力电子技术和微电子技术的蓬勃发展,永磁同步电机也获得了广阔的应用空间。同时在国家“节能减排”,汽车工业的急速发展的大背景下,环保问题越来越受到重视,为了解决上述问题,并且大幅改善燃油的使用情况,毫无疑问电动汽车将得到广泛应用。永磁同步电机以其体积小、功率因数高和结构简单、灵活等优点,已经成为电动汽车驱动系统的主流电机之一。从电动汽车对轮毂电机的启动转矩、功率密度、可靠性等性能指标的角度来考虑,在电机的选择上做了对比。从电机本体来对比,永磁同步电机与异步电机的可靠性相当,但由于永磁同步电机结构的灵活性,便于实现直接驱动负载,省去了可靠性不高的减速箱和传统电机故障率高的轴承,大大提高了传动系统的可靠性。基于对比,最终选择了永磁同步电机作为轮毂电机的首选,并进行详细叙述。本文采取积分滑模控制方法和三电平逆变器配合控制永磁同步电机。滑模变结构控制策略的特殊就在于系统的“结构”并非是固定的,在系统动态运行中,根据系统实时的状态有目的、有针对性地不断变化,将系统强制拉回开始设定好的“滑动模态”的状态轨迹运动。所以这种控制算法是一类特殊的非线性、不连续性的控制。同时,三电平逆变器具有提高电能利用率、减小谐波危害等优点。本文选择积分滑模算法使系统具有鲁棒性,并利用三电平逆变器的控制优点实现节能,提高系统可靠性的需求。最后通过Simulink和永磁同步电机试验台架证明了方法的可行性。本文的主要创新点:1.本文采取带反馈的0di?控制对电流进行矢量解耦。常规的0di?控制方式,只是将零值与系统反馈的电流值通过比例积分作用的数据输入到坐标变换模块,但是永磁同步电机内部参数有可能受到“温飘”影响,造成di电流反馈不够精确。本文将电机输出的di、qi、?数值反馈给系统,动态性能更好。2.本文针对永磁同步电机非线性、强耦合及参数不确定的特点,采用积分滑模控制算法对电机进行控制。对电机运行在不同工作状态中具有一定的自调节功能,鲁棒性强;同时为满足电能利用率,减小谐波危害的需求,逆变器选择以SVPWM(空间矢量控制)为技术支持的三电平逆变器,提高电机的控制性能,更好的实现快速精确的转矩跟踪控制,减小转矩脉动。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of the last century, permanent magnetic materials have been used in the manufacture of electric motors. With the rapid development of power electronics and microelectronics technology, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) have been widely used. At the same time, in the context of the country's "energy saving and emission reduction" and the rapid development of the automobile industry, more and more attention has been paid to environmental protection issues. In order to solve the above problems and substantially improve the use of fuel, There is no doubt that electric cars will be widely used. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has become one of the mainstream motors in electric vehicle drive system because of its small size, high power factor, simple structure and flexibility. Considering the starting torque, power density and reliability of electric vehicle to hub motor, the selection of motor is compared. Comparing with the motor body, the reliability of PMSM is equivalent to that of asynchronous motor, but because of the flexibility of PMSM structure, it is convenient to realize the direct driving load. The reducer with low reliability and the bearing with high failure rate of traditional motor are eliminated, and the reliability of transmission system is greatly improved. Based on comparison, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is chosen as the first choice of hub motor and described in detail. In this paper, permanent magnet synchronous motor is controlled by integral sliding mode control and three-level inverter. The special of sliding mode variable structure control strategy is that the "structure" of the system is not fixed. Force the system back to the state trajectory of the "sliding mode" that has been set. Therefore, this control algorithm is a special class of nonlinear, discontinuous control. At the same time, the three-level inverter has the advantages of improving the utilization rate of electric energy and reducing the harm of harmonics. In this paper, the integrated sliding mode algorithm is chosen to make the system robust, and the requirement of saving energy and improving the reliability of the system is realized by using the control advantages of the three-level inverter. Finally, the feasibility of the method is proved by Simulink and PMSM test bench. The main innovation of this paper: 1. This paper takes a feedback 0dii? Control vector decoupling of current. Regular 0dii? In the control mode, the zero value and the current value of the system feedback are only input into the coordinate transformation module through the data of the proportional integral action, but the internal parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor may be affected by "temperature drift", resulting in the inaccuracy of the di current feedback. In this paper, the output of the motor di,qi,? Numerical feedback to the system, dynamic performance is better. 2. Aiming at the characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) such as nonlinear, strong coupling and uncertain parameters, the integral sliding mode control algorithm is used to control the PMSM. It has certain self-regulating function and strong robustness to the motor running in different working conditions. In order to meet the demand of energy utilization and reduce harmonic damage, the inverter chooses three-level inverter supported by SVPWM (Space Vector Control) technology to improve the control performance of the motor and better realize the fast and accurate torque tracking control. Reduce torque ripple.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.72

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