胶轮导轨电车车辆动力学性能研究

发布时间：2019-04-10 07:54

【摘要】：随着城市的快速发展,机动车数量的急剧增加导致城市交通压力增大,单凭传统的路面交通模式已经不能满足人们的出行需求,迫使城市的交通系统建设趋向分层化、多样化的发展模式。目前,地铁、轻轨和快速公交成为缓解城市交通压力的主要工具。地铁、轻轨系统运能大,但建设、运行和维修费用高,不适用于人口流量低的区域。快速公交建设总投资小,但其运能较低,不能满足人流量较高的区域。因此,现代有轨电车作为介于快速公交和轻轨、地铁间的中低运量的新型轨道交通车辆,同时其建设总投资较小,更适合在城市中运行。由于钢轮—钢轨式电车的轮轨间会产生振动、噪音,给城市居住人群带来困扰,因此学者们在其基础上研制出胶轮导轨式电车。与钢轮—钢轨式电车相比,胶轮导轨电车具有车辆振动较小,乘坐舒适性高；曲线通过能力强,无需拆建路线周围的建筑；爬坡能力强等优点,受到越来越多城市的青睐。论文首先介绍了城市有轨电车的发展历史和应用情况,并对两种不同模式的现代有轨电车进行对比,特别是车辆转向架的结构、相邻车辆间的铰接方式、动力、非动力导向装置的导向原理。其次分析橡胶车轮的受力情况,并建立橡胶车轮的径向振动模型和侧向振动模型。建模过程中,考虑了橡胶车轮纵向滑移对轮胎受力情况的影响。根据钢轮—钢轨式车辆动力学分析理论,分析了胶轮导轨电车车辆系统的受力情况,列出相关车辆动力学微分方程,主要针对车辆头车车体、中间车体和非动力转向架。利用多体动力学软件SIMPACK建立胶轮导轨电车的动力学仿真模型,并在建模过程中对次要因素进行了简化。同时,根据汽车动力学标准和钢轮—钢轨式车辆动力学标准,制定了胶轮导轨电车的相关动力学标准。接下来对胶轮导轨电车动力转向架中导向装置结构进行了详细研究,通过建立导向装置的数学模型和动力学仿真模型检验导向装置结构的合理性,使左、右橡胶车轮间的转角关系满足Ackerman定理。最后,分析了胶轮导轨电车在正常工况下、冰雪工况下和爆胎工况下车辆的动力学性能。结果表明,正常工况下车辆具有良好的运行平顺性和曲线通过性能。冰雪工况时,车辆运行平顺性指标与正常工况下相差不大；车辆通过曲线时,不同车体的侧倾角度都有明显增大,但未超过限定值；橡胶车轮的侧偏角也明显增大,甚至超过极限值,出现侧滑现象,应适当降低车速行驶。爆胎工况时,车辆以35km/h速度运行时其运行平顺性能良好。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the city, the rapid increase of the number of motor vehicles leads to the increase of urban traffic pressure, the traditional road traffic mode can no longer meet the travel needs of people, forcing the construction of urban traffic system tend to layer by layer. A diversified development model. At present, subway, light rail and bus rapid transit are the main tools to alleviate the urban traffic pressure. Subway, light rail system capacity is large, but construction, operation and maintenance costs are high, not suitable for low population flow area. The total investment of bus rapid transit construction is small, but its transport capacity is low, and can not satisfy the area with high passenger flow. Therefore, the modern tram, as a new type of rail transit vehicle with low and middle traffic volume between bus rapid transit and light rail, is more suitable for urban operation because of its small total investment in construction. Because there will be vibration and noise between the wheels and rails of the steel wheel-rail tram, which will disturb the people living in the city, the scholars have developed the rubber-wheel guide rail trolley on the basis of it. Compared with the steel wheel-rail tram, the rubber-wheel tram has the advantages of small vibration, high ride comfort, strong curve passing capacity, no need to break down and build the building around the route, strong climbing ability, and so on, which is favored by more and more cities. Firstly, the paper introduces the development history and application of urban tram, and compares two different modes of modern tram, especially the structure of vehicle bogie, the articulated mode and power of adjacent vehicles. The guiding principle of non-power guiding device. Secondly, the stress of rubber wheel is analyzed, and the radial vibration model and lateral vibration model of rubber wheel are established. In the modeling process, the influence of rubber wheel longitudinal slip on tire force is considered. According to the dynamics analysis theory of steel wheel-rail type vehicle, this paper analyzes the force condition of the car system with rubber wheel guideway, and lists the differential equations of vehicle dynamics, mainly aimed at the car body of vehicle headcar, the middle car body and the non-power bogie. The dynamics simulation model of rubber-wheel tram is established by using multi-body dynamics software SIMPACK, and the secondary factors are simplified in the process of modeling. At the same time, according to the automobile dynamics standard and the steel wheel-rail type vehicle dynamics standard, the related dynamics standard of the rubber wheel guideway trolley has been worked out. Next, the structure of the guiding device in the power bogie of the rubber-wheel guideway trolley is studied in detail. By establishing the mathematical model and the dynamic simulation model of the guiding device, the rationality of the structure of the guiding device is checked, so that the left, the left, The angular relationship between right rubber wheels satisfies Ackerman's theorem. Finally, the dynamic performance of rubber-wheel tram under normal operating conditions, ice and snow conditions and tire burst conditions is analyzed. The results show that the vehicle has good running comfort and curve passing performance under normal operating conditions. In ice and snow conditions, the vehicle ride comfort index is not much different from the normal operating condition, and when the vehicle passes through the curve, the roll angle of the different vehicle body increases obviously, but does not exceed the limit value. The sideslip angle of rubber wheel also increases obviously, even exceeds the limit value, the phenomenon of sideslip appears, and the speed should be reduced properly. When the tire explodes, the vehicle runs smoothly at the speed of 35km/h.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U482.1

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