电动汽车电池荷电状态估计及均衡技术研究
发布时间：2019-04-19 06:25
【摘要】：电动汽车产业作为我国重点发展的战略性新兴产业之一,是我国应对能源和环境挑战、推动传统汽车产业转型升级的紧迫任务,也是加快经济发展方式转变的战略举措。本课题针对目前电动汽车电池管理系统发展的主要问题,开展动力电池荷电状态估计技术及均衡技术的研究。锂离子动力电池在电动车辆上应用时,受工况、环境等随机因素影响,SOC具有很强的时变非线性,对电动车辆动力电池SOC估计进行研究具有理论意义和应用价值。本文对SOC估计的研究如下所述。在模型参数已知的条件下,提出基于SOH及模型离线参数分段矫正的锂电池SOC估计方法,分段矫正方法研究思路:安时积分法是目前工程中常用的SOC估计方法,在应用过程中存在的难点是积分过程中累积误差的消除,本文首先利用电池健康状态估算出电池当前时刻的实际可用容量,作为安时积分法中的除数项,对SOC估计值进行矫正;其次,利用模型离线数据对安时积分法中的累积误差进行分段消除。仿真结果表明,本文所提方法比传统的安时积分法具有更高的精度,能够较好的消除累积误差。在模型参数未知的条件下,提出基于最小二乘法及卡尔曼滤波法的联合估算方法。联合算法研究思路:首先根据动力电池在充放电过程中端电压的动态响应,采用二阶RC环路模型作为动力电池等效模型;随后,在此模型基础上,利用带遗忘因子的最小二乘法和自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波法对动力电池SOC进行联合估计。仿真试验表明,本文所提联合估计算法比单一的自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波法具有更高的精度和对初值误差的收敛性。由于动力电池组各单体电池的不一致性,动力电池组的循环寿命成为制约当前动力电池发展的重要因素。为了消除不一致性对串联动力电池组循环寿命的影响,利用电感储能原理,基于均衡路径与均衡阈值的动态调整,本文提出了两种新型均衡电路。两种新型均衡电路分别称为基于多准则限定的电池组均衡电路和基于分层策略的电池组均衡电路,两种均衡电路均由若干均衡子电路组成。基于多准则限定的电池组均衡电路可用于整组电池单体个数较少时的均衡;当电池组单体数量较多时,为减小均衡路径,可以考虑采用基于分层策略的均衡电路。仿真及实验结果表明,本文所提均衡电路结构简单,均衡速度快,均衡电流大,具有出色的均衡性能。
[Abstract]:As one of the strategic emerging industries in China, the electric vehicle industry is an urgent task to meet the challenges of energy and environment and to promote the transformation and upgrading of the traditional automobile industry. It is also a strategic measure to speed up the transformation of the mode of economic development. Aiming at the main problems in the development of battery management system for electric vehicles at present, the research on the technology of state estimation and equalization for power batteries is carried out in this paper. When lithium-ion power battery is applied in electric vehicle, it is affected by random factors such as working condition and environment, and SOC has strong time-varying nonlinearity. It is of theoretical significance and application value to study SOC estimation of electric vehicle power battery. In this paper, the study of SOC estimation is described below. Under the condition that the model parameters are known, the SOC estimation method of lithium battery based on SOH and off-line parameter correction of the model is proposed. The research idea of piecewise correction method is as follows: the ampere-time integration method is the commonly used SOC estimation method in engineering at present. The difficulty in application is the elimination of accumulated errors in the integration process. Firstly, the actual available capacity of the current time of the battery is estimated by using the healthy state of the battery, which is used as the divisor in the ampere-time integration method to correct the SOC estimation. Secondly, the cumulative error is eliminated by using the off-line data of the model. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper has higher accuracy and better elimination of cumulative error than the traditional method of ampere-time integration. Under the condition that the model parameters are unknown, a joint estimation method based on least square method and Kalman filter method is proposed. According to the dynamic response of the terminal voltage in the process of charging and discharging, the second-order RC loop model is used as the equivalent model of the battery. On the basis of this model, the least square method with forgetting factor and the adaptive unscented Kalman filter method are used to jointly estimate the power cell SOC. Simulation results show that the proposed joint estimation algorithm has higher accuracy and convergence to the initial value error than the single adaptive unscented Kalman filter method. The cycle life of the power battery pack has become an important factor restricting the development of the power battery because of the inconsistencies of the individual cells of the power battery pack. In order to eliminate the influence of inconsistency on cycle life of series power batteries, two new equalization circuits are proposed in this paper, based on the dynamic adjustment of equilibrium path and equalization threshold based on the principle of inductor energy storage. The two new equalization circuits are called battery pack equalization circuit based on multi-criteria restriction and battery pack equalization circuit based on hierarchical strategy respectively. The two equalization circuits are composed of several equalizer sub-circuits. The equalization circuit based on multi-criteria can be used to equalize the whole battery when the number of cells is small, and when the number of cells is large, the equalization circuit based on hierarchical strategy can be considered to reduce the equalization path. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed equalization circuit has the advantages of simple structure, fast equalization speed, large equalization current and excellent equalization performance.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.72
本文编号：2460680
[Abstract]:As one of the strategic emerging industries in China, the electric vehicle industry is an urgent task to meet the challenges of energy and environment and to promote the transformation and upgrading of the traditional automobile industry. It is also a strategic measure to speed up the transformation of the mode of economic development. Aiming at the main problems in the development of battery management system for electric vehicles at present, the research on the technology of state estimation and equalization for power batteries is carried out in this paper. When lithium-ion power battery is applied in electric vehicle, it is affected by random factors such as working condition and environment, and SOC has strong time-varying nonlinearity. It is of theoretical significance and application value to study SOC estimation of electric vehicle power battery. In this paper, the study of SOC estimation is described below. Under the condition that the model parameters are known, the SOC estimation method of lithium battery based on SOH and off-line parameter correction of the model is proposed. The research idea of piecewise correction method is as follows: the ampere-time integration method is the commonly used SOC estimation method in engineering at present. The difficulty in application is the elimination of accumulated errors in the integration process. Firstly, the actual available capacity of the current time of the battery is estimated by using the healthy state of the battery, which is used as the divisor in the ampere-time integration method to correct the SOC estimation. Secondly, the cumulative error is eliminated by using the off-line data of the model. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper has higher accuracy and better elimination of cumulative error than the traditional method of ampere-time integration. Under the condition that the model parameters are unknown, a joint estimation method based on least square method and Kalman filter method is proposed. According to the dynamic response of the terminal voltage in the process of charging and discharging, the second-order RC loop model is used as the equivalent model of the battery. On the basis of this model, the least square method with forgetting factor and the adaptive unscented Kalman filter method are used to jointly estimate the power cell SOC. Simulation results show that the proposed joint estimation algorithm has higher accuracy and convergence to the initial value error than the single adaptive unscented Kalman filter method. The cycle life of the power battery pack has become an important factor restricting the development of the power battery because of the inconsistencies of the individual cells of the power battery pack. In order to eliminate the influence of inconsistency on cycle life of series power batteries, two new equalization circuits are proposed in this paper, based on the dynamic adjustment of equilibrium path and equalization threshold based on the principle of inductor energy storage. The two new equalization circuits are called battery pack equalization circuit based on multi-criteria restriction and battery pack equalization circuit based on hierarchical strategy respectively. The two equalization circuits are composed of several equalizer sub-circuits. The equalization circuit based on multi-criteria can be used to equalize the whole battery when the number of cells is small, and when the number of cells is large, the equalization circuit based on hierarchical strategy can be considered to reduce the equalization path. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed equalization circuit has the advantages of simple structure, fast equalization speed, large equalization current and excellent equalization performance.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.72
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