基于GIS的高原湖泊流域生态安全格局构建及优化研究——以星云湖流域为例

发布时间：2018-01-26 13:20

本文关键词： 熵值法 GIS空间分析最小累积阻力模型生态安全星云湖流域　出处：《长江流域资源与环境》2017年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：以星云湖流域自然人文环境特征、主要生态环境问题为出发点,结合景观生态学原理方法、熵值法和GIS空间分析技术,实现星云湖流域生态安全的空间分异格局及优化。选取海拔高程、坡度、土壤侵蚀强度、地质灾害易发性、土地覆被(利用方式和植被覆盖度)、人口密度、距自然保护区距离、距离建设用地和距水源距离等因素为阻力因子叠加生成综合阻力要素,根据GIS空间成本距离分析原理,引用最小累积阻力模型识别构建流域生态廊道和生态节点,进一步规划优化流域生态功能网络的结构和功能。研究表明:(1)从各安全等级面积比例和平均生态安全指数角度,星云湖流域中度安全占流域总面积的45.81%,高度安全为25.24%,较低安全为21.05%,不安全占7.9%,平均生态安全指数为2.95,流域生态安全总体处于中度安全,生态系统健康一般,但部分地区生态安全性较低,主要分布在南部、东部和北部地区,应重视这些区域的生态保护和建设;同时,坡度、水土流失因子和水资源(自然环境要素)、土地利用格局和距离建设用地(人类活动干扰要素)等因素是流域生态安全格局形成的主要因子;(2)识别规划了中枢生态源、核心型生态源斑块、一般生态源、多种级别的生态廊道和生态节点或战略点等构成的具有结构性和层次性的流域生态安全网络格局,对不同层次和结构的生态源、生态廊道和生态节点或战略点进行针对性建设保护,将有效提升流域生态系统的功能价值性和系统的完整性,进而加强流域生态稳定安全。
[Abstract]:Based on the characteristics of natural human environment and the main ecological environmental problems in Xingyun Lake basin, combined with landscape ecology principle method, entropy method and GIS spatial analysis technology. To realize spatial differentiation pattern and optimization of ecological security in Xingyun Lake basin. Select elevation, slope, soil erosion intensity, geological hazard vulnerability, land cover (use mode and vegetation coverage, population density). The factors such as distance from nature reserve, distance from construction land and distance from water source are the superposition of resistance factors to generate comprehensive resistance factors, according to the principle of GIS spatial cost distance analysis. The minimum cumulative resistance model is used to identify and construct watershed ecological corridors and ecological nodes. Further planning and optimizing the structure and function of the watershed ecological function network. The study shows that the proportion of each security grade area and the average ecological security index are considered. The moderate safety accounts for 45.81of the total area of the basin in Xingyun Lake basin, the high safety is 25.24m, the lower safety is 21.05, the insecurity is 7.9, the average ecological security index is 2.95. The ecological security of the watershed is generally in the moderate security and the ecosystem is generally healthy, but the ecological security in some areas is relatively low, mainly distributed in the south, east and north, so we should pay attention to the ecological protection and construction of these areas. At the same time, slope, soil and water loss factors and water resources (natural environment elements, land use patterns and distance construction land (disturbance factors of human activities) and other factors are the main factors of the formation of watershed ecological security pattern; 2) identifying and planning the central ecological source, the core ecological source patch and the general ecological source. Various ecological corridors and ecological nodes or strategic points with structural and hierarchical ecological security network pattern of different levels and structure of the ecological source. Ecological corridors and ecological nodes or strategic points of targeted construction and protection will effectively enhance the functional value of the watershed ecosystem and the integrity of the system, and then strengthen the ecological stability and security of the basin.
【作者单位】：云南大学资源环境与地球科学学院云南省地理研究所;云南省高原湖泊流域污染过程与管理重点实验室;
【基金】：云南省高原湖泊流域污染过程与管理重点实验室开放基金项目(KH100992)“高原湖泊流域关键生态用地识别技术及空间优化研究”~~
【分类号】：P208;P901;X524
【正文快照】： 目前,对生态安全的理解,有广义和狭义两种概念,广义的以国际应用系统分析研究所提出的概念最具代表:生态安全是包括自然生态安全、经济生态安全和社会生态安全在内的复合人工生态安全系统[1];狭义的生态安全是自然和半自然生态系统的安全[2]。总之,生态安全本质上是人类与环境

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