基于地形分异指数的黔桂喀斯特山地土地利用垂直分布特征

发布时间：2018-02-11 15:04

本文关键词： 土地利用垂直分布地形分异指数黔桂喀斯特山地　出处：《资源科学》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：以往研究刻画地形因子与土地利用的关系,皆是对整个研究区地形特征进行统计,难以揭示土地利用垂直分布在局部的空间差异。本文以黔桂喀斯特山地为例,通过GIS空间分析技术,构建地形分异指数—海拔(坡度)分异指数,刻画土地单元在一定范围内的相对高低(陡缓),以分析和揭示研究区土地利用垂直分布特征的局地差异。结果表明:(1)应用传统方法分析发现,耕地、水域和建设用地在0～200m的低海拔比重较高,而林地和草地在各海拔范围皆有分布。耕地、水域和建设用地主要分布在0～5o的平缓区域,而陡坡区域主要被林地和草地所占据;(2)应用地形分异指数发现,耕地、水域和建设用地指数多小于1,指数越小,趋于低洼和平缓区域分布的比重越大;林地和草地则多大于1,皆多趋于相对高海拔和陡坡分布;(3)耕地和建设用地的地形分异指数随着海拔自东南向西北升高而呈增加趋势,表明两类用地趋于相对高海拔、陡坡区域分布的比重在增加,平均海拔更高的县(市)向高海拔、陡坡区域进行土地资源开发的程度更大。因此,地形分异指数提供了一种可行的定量分析方法,既可支撑传统方法发现的规律,还可揭示土地利用垂直分布的局部相对差异。
[Abstract]:The relationship between landform factors and land use has been studied in the past. It is difficult to reveal the spatial difference of vertical distribution of land use in the whole study area. This paper takes karst mountain area of Guizhou and Guangxi as an example. Based on the GIS spatial analysis technique, the terrain differentiation index, elevation (slope) differentiation index, is constructed. In order to analyze and reveal the local differences in the vertical distribution of land use in the study area, the relative height and height of land units in a certain range are described. The results show that the traditional method is used to analyze and find cultivated land. The proportion of water area and construction land is higher at the low altitude of 0 ~ 200m, while the forest land and grassland are distributed in each elevation range. The cultivated land, the water area and the construction land are mainly distributed in the flat area of 0 ~ 5o. But the steep slope area is occupied mainly by the woodland and the grassland.) using the terrain differentiation index, it is found that the index of cultivated land, water area and construction land is less than 1, the smaller the index is, the larger the distribution proportion of the area tends to be. Forest land and grassland are more than 1, and tend to be relatively high altitude and steep slope distribution. (3) the topographic differentiation index of cultivated land and construction land increases with elevation from southeast to northwest, indicating that the two types of land tend to be relatively high altitude. The proportion of steep slope area distribution is increasing, the county (city) with higher average elevation is moving to high altitude, and the steep slope area is developing more land resources. Therefore, the terrain differentiation index provides a feasible quantitative analysis method. It can not only support the law found by the traditional method, but also reveal the local relative difference of the vertical distribution of land use.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973计划)(2015CB452702) 国家自然科学基金项目(41601095)
【分类号】：F301.2;P208

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