人体膝关节下蹲运动特性及TKA后髌腱松解对其影响的仿真分析

发布时间：2018-02-28 07:50

本文关键词： 膝关节全膝关节置换下蹲运动髌腱松解动态有限元分析　出处：《河南理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以国家自然科学基金“高屈曲人工膝关节的高屈曲稳定性机制研究”为支撑,研究了人体膝关节下蹲运动特性及TKA(全膝关节置换)后,髌腱上端松解30%、下端松解30%和两端同时松解30%对下蹲运动特性的影响。借助计算机图形图像技术对已经获取的人体膝关节解剖结构数据进行处理,建立了包括膝关节骨组织以及半月板、软骨、内外侧副韧带、前后交叉韧带、髌韧带和髌股横韧带等主要软组织在内的人体自然膝关节三维几何解剖模型。在建立的人体自然膝关节几何解剖模型的基础上,模拟全膝关节置换截骨和假体装配,从而建立了全膝置换后的人体膝关节三维几何解剖模型。建立了自然膝关节下蹲运动的动态有限元模型。通过计算分析得出了人体自然膝关节下蹲运动的髌股关节、胫股关节的定量运动数据。并结合相关文献的查阅和数据处理,对膝关节髌股关节和胫股关节的下蹲运动特性进行了综合对比分析,总结膝关节髌股关节和胫股关节的运动特性,得到相关的结论,同时提出一些膝关节运动相关标准的统一等方面的建议。建立了后稳定型假体(PFC)置换后髌腱松解前的膝关节下蹲运动的动态有限元模型,同时分别建立了髌腱上端松解、下端松解和两端同时松解30%的膝关节动态有限元模型。经有限元分析获得膝关节下蹲运动时假体置换后髌腱松解前后的运动学参数。进行TKA后髌腱松解前与自然膝关节运动参数对比分析研究,得出全膝关节置换前后的数据差异,提出了改善PFC假体设计和TKA优化的建议。进行TKA后髌腱松解前后的相关运动学参数对比分析研究,得到髌腱不同松解部位对膝关节相关活动度影响的定值结果。TKA后髌腱松解前后的膝关节下蹲运动仿真分析结果表明,髌腱松解后相比于松解前,髌骨相对股骨的屈曲、内外旋、内外倾和上下移位有所增大;髌骨相对股骨的内外移和前后移以及股骨相对胫骨的内收外展、上下移位、内外移和前后移位有所减小。同时,髌腱松解的不同部位对膝关节不同运动的改变程度有所差异。本文研究结果可以为膝关节病理、康复的研究以及相关手术提供参考。
[Abstract]:Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "study on the Mechanism of High buckling Stability of High flexion artificial knee Joint", this paper studies the motion characteristics of human knee joint squat and total knee arthroplasty (TKAs). The upper end of patellar tendon is loosened 30 and the lower end 30% and both ends of 30% are released simultaneously. The acquired anatomical data of human knee joint are processed with the help of computer graphics and image technology. The bone tissue, meniscus, cartilage, medial collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, anterior and posterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint were established. Three-dimensional geometric anatomical model of human natural knee joint including patellar ligament and transverse patellofemoral ligament, etc. Based on the geometric anatomical model of human natural knee joint, total knee arthroplasty osteotomy and prosthesis assembly were simulated. Thus, the three-dimensional geometric anatomical model of human knee joint after total knee replacement is established. The dynamic finite element model of squatting motion of natural knee joint is established. The patellofemoral joint of natural knee joint squatting motion is obtained by calculation and analysis. Quantitative motion data of tibiofemoral joint. Combined with reference of relevant literature and data processing, the characteristics of squatting motion of patellofemoral joint and tibiofemoral joint of knee joint were compared and analyzed. The motion characteristics of patellofemoral joint and tibiofemoral joint of knee joint were summarized, and the relevant conclusions were obtained. The dynamic finite element model of the knee joint squatting movement before the patellar tendon release was established, and the upper patellar tendon release was established respectively. The dynamic finite element model of knee joint with lower end release and simultaneous release 30% was obtained by finite element analysis. The kinematic parameters of patellar tendon before and after replacement of patellar tendon during knee squatting movement were obtained by finite element analysis. Before and after the release of patellar tendon after TKA, the kinematic parameters of the knee joint were obtained before and after the release of patellar tendon. Comparative analysis of knee motion parameters, The difference of data before and after total knee arthroplasty was obtained, and suggestions for improving the design of PFC prosthesis and optimization of TKA were put forward. The relative kinematic parameters before and after the release of patellar tendon after TKA were compared and analyzed. The results of simulation analysis of knee squatting motion before and after the release of patellar tendon showed that the flexion and internal rotation of patella relative to femur after patellar tendon release compared with that before and after release of patellar tendon. The internal and external displacement of the patella relative to the femur, the anteroposterior and anteroposterior displacement of the patella and the adductive outreaching of the femur relative to the tibia were increased, and the internal and external displacement and the anteroposterior displacement of the femur were decreased. The results of this study can provide reference for the study of knee joint pathology, rehabilitation and related surgery.
【学位授予单位】：河南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R318.01;TP391.41

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