实时红外辐射传输与成像仿真技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 20:21

本文选题：红外辐射传输　切入点：红外成像仿真　出处：《中国科学院大学(中国科学院国家空间科学中心)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几年来,红外技术在国家防御、国民经济及科学研究等方面发挥着重要作用,受到了世界各国的重视。而这其中,无论是红外预警、红外遥感等都离不开红外成像技术,它具有作用距离远、穿透能力强、抗干扰能力好、可持续性长等优势,在红外技术领域中具有举足轻重的地位。由于红外成像技术的重要性,近几年来,对红外成像技术的研究方兴未艾。这其中,急需大量特殊条件下的红外图像作为研究或测试对象。但现阶段直接获得相关红外图像十分困难且成本高,大多数情况只能在外场实地采集。这种方法直观真实,获得的数据准确可靠,却要耗费大量资源,耗时长,且很可能无法直接采集;同时,外场采集方式只能获得当时条件下的红外图像,难以覆盖诸多实验对特殊条件的需求。基于以上需求背景,本文重点研究红外成像仿真技术,通过计算机仿真手段模拟了4个红外波段(短波、中波、中长波、长波)红外探测器入瞳辐射图像,为这类问题的解决提供了一种简单可行、方便快捷、经济有效的途径。实现了实时的辐射传输与成像仿真,具有很强的工程实用性和应用价值。所做工作如下:本文针对的目标与背景,是用于红外监视与红外预警等的研究。目标以飞机、导弹等飞行器为主,而背景主要是地表自然背景,如土地、海洋、草地、森林等,二者的辐射传输和成像仿真原理不同。本文对目标与背景分别采用不同的建模方法和辐射传输计算方法,其中重点是背景。本文理清了地球背景至探测器入瞳的红外成像过程,重点对反射辐射进行了研究与分析。目前,主流方法采用简单模型来对反射环节建模,成像效果不佳,本文利用的是参数化BRDF模型。从而结合背景自身辐射和反射辐射,进行辐射的入瞳传输,建立了背景入瞳成像仿真链路。本文针对目前相关研究在实时性上存在的不足,提出了实时性的要求,并为其做出了相关努力。重点针对采用CPU串行方法,实时性差的现状,在红外仿真原理和过程深入研究的前提下,采用基于CUDA的并行计算方法和基于OpenGL强大的图形计算方法,在GPU上完成了辐射传输计算,同时结合OpenGL实现了整个入瞳辐射成像过程。本文借助CUDA和OpenGL,以VS 2010为开发环境,以红外成像仿真软件的形式,给出了红外辐射计算方法与成像仿真方法的具体实现。最后,本文进行了初步的红外成像仿真实验,以验证仿真图像的质量及仿真方法的实时性等。本文通过仿真手段得到的仿真图像,真实度高,实时性好,为后续红外成像仿真领域深入研究打下了基础,提供了条件。
[Abstract]:In recent years, infrared technology has played an important role in national defense, national economy and scientific research, and has been attached great importance to by countries all over the world. Among them, infrared early warning and infrared remote sensing are inseparable from infrared imaging technology. It has the advantages of long operating distance, strong penetration ability, good anti-jamming ability, long sustainability and so on. It plays an important role in the field of infrared technology. Because of the importance of infrared imaging technology, in recent years, The research on infrared imaging technology is in the ascendant. Among them, a large number of infrared images under special conditions are urgently needed as research or test objects. However, it is very difficult and costly to obtain related infrared images directly at this stage. Most cases can only be collected in the field. This method is intuitive and true, the data obtained is accurate and reliable, but it consumes a lot of resources, takes a long time, and may not be directly collected; at the same time, The method of external field acquisition can only obtain infrared images under the condition of that time, and it is difficult to cover the special conditions of many experiments. Based on the above requirements, this paper focuses on the infrared imaging simulation technology. Through computer simulation, four infrared detectors (short, medium, medium, long and long) infrared detectors are simulated, which provide a simple, feasible and convenient way to solve this kind of problem. The real time radiative transmission and imaging simulation is realized, which has strong engineering practicability and application value. The work done is as follows: the aim and background of this paper, It is used for infrared surveillance and infrared early warning research. The targets are aircraft, missiles and other aircraft, while the background is mainly ground surface natural background, such as land, sea, grassland, forest, etc. The principles of radiative transmission and imaging simulation are different. In this paper, different modeling methods and radiative transfer calculation methods are used for the object and background respectively, and the emphasis is on the background. In this paper, the infrared imaging process from the earth background to the pupil of the detector is clarified. The reflection radiation is mainly studied and analyzed. At present, the main method uses simple model to model the reflection link, and the imaging effect is not good. In this paper, the parameterized BRDF model is used to combine the background radiation and reflection radiation. The emulation link of background pupil imaging is established by transmitting radiation into pupil. In this paper, the requirement of real time is put forward in view of the deficiency of current research on real time. Aiming at the current situation of using CPU serial method and poor real-time performance, the parallel computing method based on CUDA and the powerful graphic computing method based on OpenGL are adopted under the premise of in-depth research on the principle and process of infrared simulation. The radiative transfer calculation is completed on GPU and the whole imaging process is realized by combining with OpenGL. In this paper, with the help of CUDA and OpenGL, VS2010 is used as the development environment, and the infrared imaging simulation software is used. The infrared radiation calculation method and the imaging simulation method are given. Finally, the infrared imaging simulation experiment is carried out in this paper. In order to verify the quality of the simulation image and the real-time performance of the simulation method, the simulation images obtained in this paper are of high fidelity and good real-time, which lays a foundation for the further research in the field of infrared imaging simulation.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(中国科学院国家空间科学中心)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.41;TN219

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