城市交通下跨层VANET路由协议研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 08:33

  本文选题：车载自组织网络　切入点：跨层　出处：《哈尔滨工程大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,车联网(Internet of Vehicles)技术在智慧交通系统(Intelligent Transport System,ITS)领域呈现出多样化发展趋势,车与车(Vehicles to Vehicles, V2V)之间数据通信对于获取交通工具间相互状态,充电信息,事故信息等具有重要的意义。车载自组织网络(Vehicular Ad hoc Network,VANET)路由协议是车联网技术的一个重要研究部分,它是一种集通信工程、交通工程与网络工程于一体的交叉学科。由于VANET网络拓扑变化频繁,应用范围主要在城市与乡镇街道,在网络中每一辆车作为一个节点,其移动过程与道路布局及路边障碍物阻挡比移动自组织网络(MANET)更复杂。因此,有针对性地设计并实现出相对可靠、高效率的路由协议是研究VANET的研究重心。本文研究了几种经典的VANET路由协议AODV,DSDV,DSR, GPSR,这几种路由协议中存在的单一分层结构局限性及考虑因素较少所导致的分组投递率低、平均端到端时延较高等问题。针对这些问题,本文提出一种基于位置信息的多因素影响下车载自组织网络跨层路由协议(A Multi-factor Cross-Layer Position-based Routing protocol for VANET, MCLPR),该多跳传输协议通过提取来自于MAC层相关信息与多种因素考虑加权来提高网络的可靠性与高效性,共同作用实现算法层面的提升与优化。该协议具有如下特点:(1)综合考虑了车辆节点信息,相关道路信息,无线链路质量中信号对噪声加干扰比(SNIR),MAC层误帧率(FER)信息等方面的影响。(2)提出了路口车辆选择策略与非路口车辆选择策略,提出路口车辆节点算法(Algorithm for vehicles selection at intersections, AVSI)和非路口 车辆节点算法(Algorithm for vehicles selection of non-intersections, AVSNI)。其中,道路路口交通情况比较复杂,则路口车辆节点算法考虑车辆位置,速度,路口密度,无线链路质量,MAC层信息等信息,通过权重值计算所得最优结果判定车辆节点在路口处下一跳节点的选取;在非路口车辆节点算法中,车辆行驶情况相对单一,具有一定预测性,通过位置,方向等因素选择下一跳节点。(3)由于在VANET中车辆移动模型是动态的,在该协议中引入存储转发技术与位置修正机制进一步保证每一跳信息传递的可靠性。通过在该路由协议中引入动态HELLO_STREAM信息流来弱化数据传输时对该协议性能产生的负面影响。仿真过程中,通过一系列操作获取某特定区域地图模型并进行抽象转化,采用Bonnmotion产生经典车辆移动轨迹Manhattan Grid模型,与NS3网络模拟器相结合,对MCLPR与AODV,DSDV, DSR,GPSR进行性能对比仿真。分别改变网络中车辆节点数,车辆速度,车辆传播半径,对上述几种路由协议在分组投递率(Packet Deliver Radio, PDR)与平均端到端延时(Average End to End Delay)两种分析指标进行仿真。通过仿真实验对相关数据处理后得出结论,在一定区域内相同条件下,MCLPR分组投递率优于作为对比的几种路由协议;在较大车辆密度下,MCLPR路由协议平均端到端时延方面优于其他几种车联网路由协议;在其他条件相同的情况下,传播半径越大,MCLPR路由协议的分组投递率越高,平均端到端时延越低。
[Abstract]:In recent years, car Networking (Internet of Vehicles) technology in the intelligent transportation system (Intelligent Transport System, ITS) areas showing a diversified development trend, the car and the car (Vehicles to, Vehicles, V2V) for data communication between each other, transport between the charging information, plays an important role in accident information. Vehicular ad hoc network (Vehicular Ad hoc Network VANET) routing protocol is an important part of vehicle networking technology, it is a set of communication engineering, an interdisciplinary traffic engineering and network engineering. Because the VANET network topology changes frequently, the scope of application of the main streets in the city and township, every car in the network as a mobile node, the process and the layout of the road and roadside obstacles than mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is more complicated. Therefore, to design and realize a relatively reliable, high The efficiency of the routing protocol is the research focus of VANET research. This paper studies the VANET routing protocol of several classic AODV, DSDV, DSR, GPSR, single layered structure limitations of these routing protocols and packet delivery rate is low considering the factors are less in the average end to end delay is higher. To solve these problems in this paper, a multi factor location information based on vehicular ad hoc network cross layer routing protocol (A Multi-factor Cross-Layer Position-based Routing protocol for VANET, MCLPR), the multi hop transmission protocol provided by them to the MAC related information and a variety of factors to consider weighting to improve network reliability and efficiency of algorithm to enhance the level and optimize the interaction. The protocol has the following characteristics: (1) considering the vehicle node information, road information, wireless link quality signal 瀵瑰櫔澹板姞骞叉壈姣，

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