一种改进的比特币挖矿方案及其可行性研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 00:03

本文选题：Bitcoin　切入点：SHA256　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自2009年初开始Bitcoin的出现吸引了人们广泛的关注,与此同时分布式虚拟货币的受欢迎程度迅速增加。从那时起业内一直保持了活跃的Bitcoin挖矿状态,而在Bitcoin挖矿的硬件方面,大家犹如军备竞赛般地不断投入和改良。而这其中的重中之重就是散列率和采矿设备的能源消耗,这直接关系到Bitcoin挖矿的利润是否可观。而从计算机角度来看,Bitcoin挖矿实质上就是关于双重SHA256散列的计算问题,即多次输入一定的数据流反复混合求得最终结果。截至目前,在Bitcoin挖矿方法的优化领域,大量的研究致力于对SHA256散列标准实现的硬件优化,少有对Bitcoin特定SHA256挖掘算法的软件优化。本文主要研究Bitcoin采矿过程和SHA256散列算法的优化问题,以便提高挖掘效率。创新之处是从软件思路出发,提出并分析了改进Bitcoin双SHA256散列算法采矿协议的若干步骤,然后进行了部分代码测试。根据初步估算,在同样硬件条件下采用这些优化建议后,Bitcoin挖矿过程将仅需大约1.86倍,而不是正常情况下2倍的SHA256运行时间。另外我们也对Bitcoin挖矿的奖励方法提出了改进意见:由跳跃式的奖励模式改为线性奖励模式,长远来看这样会带来更好的公平性。另外为了提高加密运算的抗碰撞性及散列结果的雪崩效应,我们也对SHA256算法本身提出了一种改进方案。论文前半部分介绍了Bitcoin产生的历史背景和研究现状,阐述了Bitcoin和SHA256算法的概念、组成、功能设计,提出了未来改进思路;后半部分讨论Bitcoin块头散列算法及其含义,详细叙述我们对现有Bitcoin挖矿算法的优化和改进,即在特定阶段引入特定的优化方法以减少特定轮的调度损耗,但最终仍能实现与传统SHA256算法相同的计算结果。经过估算我们预期,如果采矿设备能实现上述优化方案,挖矿速度将有所提高,一般每次挖矿仅需大约1.86倍,而不是原来2倍的SHA256算法运行时间。考虑到矿机单位时间内需要完成巨大数量的SHA256计算,上述改进将带来非常可观的效益。
[Abstract]:The emergence of Bitcoin has attracted wide attention since the beginning of 2009, while the popularity of distributed virtual currency has increased rapidly.Since then, the industry has been active in Bitcoin mining, and in the hardware of Bitcoin mining, there has been an arms race to invest and improve.The top priority is the hashing rate and the energy consumption of mining equipment, which is directly related to the profit of Bitcoin mining.From the computer point of view, the mining of Bitcoin is essentially about the calculation of double SHA256 hash, that is, the multiple input of certain data streams repeatedly mixed to obtain the final results.Up to now, in the field of optimization of Bitcoin mining method, a lot of research is devoted to hardware optimization of SHA256 hash standard, and few software optimization of Bitcoin specific SHA256 mining algorithm.This paper focuses on the optimization of Bitcoin mining process and SHA256 hash algorithm in order to improve mining efficiency.The innovation is to propose and analyze several steps to improve the mining protocol of Bitcoin double SHA256 hash algorithm based on the idea of software, and then some code tests are carried out.According to preliminary estimates, using these optimization proposals under the same hardware conditions will require only about 1.86 times of SHA256 operation time, rather than 2 times the normal SHA256 operating time.In addition, we also put forward some suggestions on the reward method of Bitcoin mining: from the jump reward model to the linear reward model, this will bring better fairness in the long run.In addition, in order to improve the collision resistance and avalanche effect of the hash results, we also propose an improved scheme for the SHA256 algorithm itself.In the first half of the paper, the historical background and research status of Bitcoin are introduced, the concept, composition, function design of Bitcoin and SHA256 algorithm are expounded, and the future improvement ideas are put forward, while the latter part discusses Bitcoin block hash algorithm and its meaning.This paper describes in detail the optimization and improvement of the existing Bitcoin mining algorithms, that is, the introduction of specific optimization methods in specific stages to reduce the scheduling loss of specific wheels, but the same calculation results as the traditional SHA256 algorithm can be achieved in the end.It is estimated that if the mining equipment can achieve the above optimization scheme, the mining speed will be improved, usually only about 1.86 times per mining, rather than 2 times the original SHA256 algorithm running time.Considering that a large number of SHA256 calculations are needed per unit time of the mine, these improvements will bring considerable benefits.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F821;TP311.13

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