基于机器视觉石材砖几何尺寸在线检测系统的研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 15:26

本文选题：石材砖 + LabVIEW　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着国内石材行业的快速发展,中国已经成为全球首屈一指的石材砖产销大国。巨大的石材砖市场促进了国内石材砖加工生产工艺的快速发展,同时对石材砖的质量要求也越来越高,传统的检测方法已经越来越不能满足石材砖产品检测所要求的高精度、高效率。随着高新技术的快速发展,机器视觉开始被应用于自动化检测设备中,在线检测技术获得了质的飞跃。因此本文设计了基于机器视觉石材砖几何尺寸在线检测系统。该检测系统是以机器视觉为基础的集计算机技术、机械电子技术、测量技术等为一体的自动化装备。该系统用新兴的视觉测量技术代替传统的手工接触测量,克服了人工检测效率低,只能完成部分抽检,测量结果不稳定,人工成本较高等问题,实现石材砖实时检测,及时发现质量问题,根据分析结果及时调整生产工艺参数,提高产品合格率,从而降低成本,提高企业效率。该检测系统具体实现过程是:CCD相机获取石材砖的整体图像,然后图像信息传递到上位机系统,经过图像处理算法以及尺寸计算获得石材砖的几何尺寸,根据标准尺寸判断石材砖的质量品级,将不合格品剔除出生产线,同时将检测结果记录到数据库中,用于后期的分析统计,为系统和工艺的改进提供数据支持。整个检测过程由系统独立完成,没有人工干预,检测结果稳定可靠。本文研究的主要内容是:1)通过对现阶段机器视觉检测系统的研究分析,设计出适合较大尺寸石材砖的几何尺寸在线监测系统,并对关键零部件进行选型以及部分机构进行研究设计;2)通过对图像处理算法的研究和对比分析,使用一种适合本检测系统的亚像素处理算法,使得在不增加CCD相机分辨率的前提下,提高检测精度,并提出使用齐次变换矩阵来进行几何尺寸计算;3)使用LabVIEW平台完成对上位机程序的编写,通过与MATLAB混合编程实现图像处理算法,最终实现对石材砖几何尺寸的精确检测,同时实时显示和储存检测数据以及分析统计数据功能;4)完成下位机PLC的编程实现对整个检测系统的动作控制,此外研究LabVIEW与PLC的通信,实现上位机对下位机PLC的快速准确控制;5)分析检测误差类别和来源,并提出相应的解决方案,提高系统检测精度。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of domestic stone industry, China has become the world's leading stone brick production and marketing country.The huge stone brick market has promoted the rapid development of the domestic stone brick processing and production technology, and at the same time, the quality requirements of the stone brick are becoming more and more high, and the traditional testing methods have become more and more unable to meet the high accuracy required by the stone brick product detection.High efficiency.With the rapid development of high and new technology, machine vision has been applied to automatic detection equipment, and on-line detection technology has made a qualitative leap.Therefore, an online measuring system of stone brick geometric dimension based on machine vision is designed in this paper.The detection system is an automatic equipment based on machine vision, which integrates computer technology, mechanical electronic technology, measurement technology and so on.In this system, the traditional manual contact measurement is replaced by the new visual measurement technology, which overcomes the problems of low efficiency of manual inspection, partial sampling, unstable measurement result and high labor cost, and realizes the real-time detection of stone brick.Find out the quality problem in time, adjust the production parameters according to the analysis result, improve the qualified rate of the product, reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of the enterprise.The concrete realization process of the detection system is that the whole image of stone brick is obtained by the CCD camera, then the image information is transferred to the upper computer system, and the geometric dimension of stone brick is obtained by image processing algorithm and dimension calculation.According to the standard size, the quality grade of stone brick is judged, and the nonconforming products are removed from the production line. At the same time, the test results are recorded in the database for later analysis and statistics, which can provide data support for the improvement of system and technology.The whole detection process is completed by the system independently, without manual intervention, and the test results are stable and reliable.The main content of this paper is: (1) based on the research and analysis of the current machine vision inspection system, an on-line geometric dimension monitoring system suitable for large size stone bricks is designed.Through the research and contrast analysis of image processing algorithm, we use a sub-pixel processing algorithm suitable for this detection system.Under the condition that the resolution of CCD camera is not increased, the detection accuracy is improved, and the homogeneous transformation matrix is used to calculate the geometric size of the camera. The LabVIEW platform is used to complete the programming of the upper computer.The image processing algorithm is realized by mixed programming with MATLAB, and the precise measurement of stone brick geometry is finally realized.At the same time, the function of displaying and storing the detection data and analyzing the statistical data in real time is used to complete the PLC programming of the lower computer to realize the motion control of the whole detection system. In addition, the communication between LabVIEW and PLC is studied.To realize the fast and accurate control of upper computer to PLC) to analyze the category and source of detection error, and to put forward the corresponding solution to improve the accuracy of system detection.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.41

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