应急救援期间城市交通管制优化研究及系统实现

发布时间：2018-05-02 23:34

本文选题：应急救援 + 交通管制　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的快速发展和城市人口的不断增加,私家车数量正迅速增多,城市特别是较大城市的交通问题也变得越来越严重,道路拥挤、交通堵塞等问题已严重干扰着人们的正常出行。当城市某地发生突发紧急状况时,需要从各个地方向该地进行及时的应急物资输送。为保证物资的有效运输,有关决策机构往往采取较为严格的交通管制措施。在城市应急救援期间实施临时交通管制措施有利于对受灾区域实施快速救援,但过度的管制必然会对社会居民正常出行产生较为严重的负面影响。为了保证物资的有效运输,同时尽量降低因交通管制所造成的居民出行成本,因此对管制方案进行合理的优化就变得尤为重要。为此,本文提出了城市应急救援期间地面临时交通管制优化方案。对方案进行优化的目的是在保证应急物资的及时运达的同时,最大程度降低因交通管制对居民正常出行的影响。为求解出临时交通管制方案,本文做了如下工作:(1)构建临时交通管制方案数学模型。模型目标函数用于最小化扰民程度,扰民程度通过对比管制前后社会车辆通过各路段的路阻变化情况均值刻画。目标约束函数为管制时长,考虑到管制需提前实施,管制时长为车辆通过应急通道时间与车辆通过应急通道各路段最长时间之和。(2)路段管制类型的启发式选择和基于引力模型改进的BPR函数。通过引入边介数及路段重要性指标,对于相对重要路段采取相对宽松的管制类型。通过引入引力模型对管制后路网车流量进行调整,计算管制后车辆通过各路段时间。(3)构建临时交通管制方案求解算法。方案的求解是一个反复迭代的过程,考虑到路网结构的复杂性,需管制路段数量众多,路段管制类型多样的特点,本文构建了基于改进遗传算法的临时交通管制方案求解算法,同时给出了最优临时管制方案对应的车流绕行方案。本文通过Sioux-Fall路网实验算例及Flintbury路网实验算例对模型及求解算法进行验证,从验证结果可知,模型可快速给出应急情况下的临时交通管制优化方案,即可在满足救援需求的同时降低管制方案的负面影响。考虑到应急救援期间城市临时交通管制的现实意义,本文基于模型及算法研究并结合实际路网情况在Net Logo平台上设计并实现了临时交通管制优化系统。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy and the continuous increase of urban population, the number of private cars is increasing rapidly. The traffic problems in cities, especially in larger cities, are becoming more and more serious, and the roads are congested. Traffic jams and other problems have seriously interfered with people's normal travel. When a sudden emergency occurs in a city, it is necessary to carry out timely delivery of emergency supplies from various places to the city. In order to ensure the effective transportation of materials, the decision-making organizations often take strict traffic control measures. The implementation of temporary traffic control measures during the period of urban emergency rescue is conducive to the rapid rescue of the affected areas, but excessive control will inevitably have a more serious negative impact on the normal travel of social residents. In order to ensure the effective transportation of materials and reduce the travel cost caused by traffic control, it is very important to optimize the control scheme reasonably. Therefore, this paper puts forward the optimization scheme of ground temporary traffic control during urban emergency rescue. The purpose of optimizing the scheme is to ensure the timely arrival of emergency supplies and to minimize the impact of traffic control on residents' normal travel at the same time. In order to solve the temporary traffic control scheme, this paper does the following work: 1) construct the mathematical model of temporary traffic control scheme. The objective function of the model is used to minimize the degree of disturbance, and the degree of disturbance is characterized by comparing the changes of road resistance between different sections of road before and after the control. The objective constraint function is the length of the control, considering that the control needs to be implemented in advance, The length of control is the heuristic selection and the improved BPR function based on gravity model for the control type of vehicle passing through the emergency passage and the sum of the longest time of the vehicle passing through each section of the emergency passage. By introducing edge mediums and road section importance index, relatively loose control type is adopted for relative important road sections. By introducing the gravity model to adjust the traffic flow of the road network after the control, the algorithm of solving the temporary traffic control scheme is constructed by calculating the time of the vehicle passing through each section of the road after the control. The solution of the scheme is a iterative process. Considering the complexity of the road network structure, the number of sections to be regulated and the various types of road control, this paper constructs a temporary traffic control scheme solving algorithm based on improved genetic algorithm. At the same time, the traffic bypass scheme corresponding to the optimal temporary control scheme is given. In this paper, the model and algorithm are verified by Sioux-Fall road network experiment and Flintbury road network experiment. From the verification results, the model can quickly give the optimization scheme of temporary traffic control in emergency situations. Can meet the rescue needs while reducing the negative impact of regulatory programs. Considering the practical significance of urban temporary traffic control during emergency rescue, this paper designs and implements a temporary traffic control optimization system on Net Logo platform based on the research of model and algorithm and combining with the actual road network situation.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.4;TP311.52

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