城市环境下基于地理位置的VANET路由协议研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 00:21

本文选题：VANET + 地理位置的路由协议　；参考：《哈尔滨工程大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：车载自组织网络(Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks, VANET)是未来智能交通系统的重要组成部分。它为不同车辆间的通信提供一个良好的平台,不仅可以提高交通的安全性,还可以满足用户通讯、娱乐等舒适性的需求。在城市环境VANET中,车辆数量多移动快,网络拓扑结构频繁变化,车辆移动轨迹受道路结构限制,加上城市道路固定,建筑物密集等特点,很多路由协议在这种环境下,通信性能会有很大的下降。因此,城市环境下的路由协议设计成为车载自组织网络研究的重大挑战。本文首先介绍了城市环境下VANET的主要结构、特点以及面临的主要挑战,重点总结分析了目前已经提出的VANET下基于拓扑路由协议、基于地理位置的路由协议以及跨层路由协议。然后,详细介绍了目前VANET中常用的车辆移动模型和城市传播模型,根据城市环境特点和车辆移动特性,提出了一种适用于城市环境的基于地理位置的跨层路由协议(City Cross-layer Multi-hop Geography Routing,CCMGR)。该协议综合利用车辆移动信息,局部道路信息,跨层信息作为数据转发度量,使用路口节点算法和路间节点算法来保证通信的高效性和可靠性。协议特点如下:(1)数据包在十字路口转发时,提出基于车辆位置方向、局部道路密度、跨层无线链路信噪比的路口节点选取算法(At Intersections Selection Algorithm,AINSA)来选择较好的传输路径,采用权重决策方法(Weight Decision Method,WDM)计算节点的权重值,邻居节点中权重值最小的节点作为转发节点,保证在十字路口选取一条最佳的传输路径。(2)数据包在路间转发时,提出基于车辆位置和方向的路间节点选取算法(Between Intersections Node Selection Algorithm,BINSA)来选取下一跳节点,采用车辆移动预测机制,预测车辆的移动位置,提高节点选取的准确性,保证在该路径中选取最佳的转发节点(3)由于车辆快速移动网络连接的中断,该协议还引入了存储转发机制进一步确保信息传输的可靠。此外,利用动态的“HELLO”广播机制减少信标传输间隔对协议性能的影响。最后采用Bonnmotion工具生成节点移动轨迹文件,在NS3网络仿真平台上对提出的CCMGR路由协议和其他经典的路由协议进行了仿真实验。实验结果显示车辆密度较大时,本文提出的CCMGR路由协议在数据传输成功率和传输延迟方面优于其经典他协议,适合城市环境下的VANET通信。
[Abstract]:Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is an important part of the future Intelligent Transportation system (its). It provides a good platform for communication between different vehicles. It can not only improve the security of traffic, but also meet the needs of users' communication, entertainment and other comfortableness. In the urban environment VANET, the number of vehicles moves quickly, the network topology changes frequently, the vehicle movement track is restricted by the road structure, and the city roads are fixed and the buildings are dense, so many routing protocols are used in this environment. Communication performance will be greatly reduced. Therefore, the design of routing protocols in urban environments has become a major challenge in the research of vehicular ad hoc networks. In this paper, we first introduce the main structure, characteristics and challenges of VANET in urban environment, and focus on summarizing and analyzing the topologically based routing protocols, geographical location-based routing protocols and cross-layer routing protocols that have been proposed at present. Then, the vehicle moving model and urban propagation model which are commonly used in VANET are introduced in detail. According to the characteristics of urban environment and vehicle movement, a cross-layer routing protocol based on geographical location is proposed for urban environment. The protocol uses vehicle moving information, local road information and cross-layer information as data forwarding metrics, and uses intersection node algorithm and inter-road node algorithm to ensure the high efficiency and reliability of communication. The protocol features are as follows: (1) when the packet is forwarded at the crossroads, an algorithm for selecting intersection nodes based on vehicle position direction, local road density and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of cross-layer wireless links is proposed to select a better transmission path. Weight Decision method is used to calculate the weight of nodes, and the node with the smallest weight in neighbor node is used as forwarding node to ensure that the best transmission path is chosen at the crossroads. In this paper, a new algorithm named between Intersections Node Selection algorithm and BINSA-based vehicle location and direction selection algorithm is proposed to select the next hop node. The vehicle moving prediction mechanism is used to predict the moving position of the vehicle, and the accuracy of node selection is improved. The protocol also introduces a storage and forwarding mechanism to ensure the reliability of information transmission. In addition, dynamic "HELLO" broadcast mechanism is used to reduce the influence of beacon transmission interval on protocol performance. Finally, the Bonnmotion tool is used to generate the node moving path file, and the simulation experiments on the proposed CCMGR routing protocol and other classical routing protocols are carried out on the NS3 network simulation platform. The experimental results show that the proposed CCMGR routing protocol is superior to the classical VANET protocol in terms of data transmission success rate and transmission delay when the vehicle density is high. It is suitable for VANET communication in urban environment.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN929.5;U495

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