航拍Flash360全景图技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 13:48

本文选题：全景图 + 航拍　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展和人们生活水平的提高,传统的人机交互方式已经不能满足人们的精神需求,更方便、更直观的方式逐渐进入人们的生活,即虚拟现实技术(Virtual Reality,简称VR)。在虚拟现实系统中,虚拟场景绘制是至关重要的一个环节,基于几何的绘制技术需要大量的三维建模,工作量大且对计算机要求很高,而基于图像的绘制技术直接从现实场景中采集图像构建虚拟场景,易于实现且文件较小,适合网络传输,目前全景图技术是虚拟场景绘制中最常用的方法。全景图具有真实性、交互性、经济性等优点,而传统的虚拟场景图像采集局限于地面,无法全局观看场景原貌,无人机航拍无疑是解决这一问题的最好办法。本研究通过遥控大疆筋斗云S1000无人机在空中航拍采集图像,采用OpenCV相关算法拼接图像,并以配置Away3D的Adobe Flash Professional CS6为开发平台,最终获得水平360度垂直180度的球面全景图虚拟现实场景,使用户可以身临其境,感受“上帝视角”。本文主要研究了基于航拍全景图的Flash3D虚拟场景的构建,系统研究了虚拟场景构建所涉及的几种关键技术,并将理论与实践相结合,以山东师范大学千佛山校区为对象设计了一套完整的构建虚拟场景的方案。本研究的主要内容有:首先,分析了搭建虚拟场景所涉及的虚拟现实技术、全景技术以及Flash3D技术的研究历史和发展现状;其次,介绍了全景技术的生成原理和应用范围,总结了全景技术的三种投影方式,通过分析比较最终选择球面投影模型构建全景图,并详细阐述了球面全景图投影原理;然后,介绍了构建虚拟场景的流程,主要包括图像采集、图像拼接、虚拟场景的构建,内容分布于各个章节并分别进行了详细的理论说明。对于图像采集步骤,设计了航空拍摄方式,采用大疆筋斗云S1000无人机搭载大疆禅思Z15_5D云台和佳能5D单反相机,通过在地面遥控可轻松实现航拍操作从而获得航拍图像;对于图像拼接步骤,分析了特征点检测、特征点匹配、图像融合与拼接三个步骤的原理,重点介绍了基于尺度不变的SIFT算法和SURF算法,并对两种算法进行实验对比得出结论,最终通过OpenCV相关算法获得拼接图像;对于虚拟场景构建步骤,分析了Flash3D的理论基础,在配置Away3D引擎的Flash CS6中基于ActionScript3.0设计了构建虚拟场景的方案,生成山东师范大学千佛山校区虚拟校园系统并发布,可供用户在线浏览。本研究在分析构建虚拟场景流程的理论基础上,通过航拍+全景图+Flash3D技术,以山东师范大学千佛山校区为对象设计了一套完整的、可行的、有效的构建虚拟场景的方案,在如今虚拟现实飞速发展的时代里,有着很强的实用性和现实性的意义。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standard, the traditional human-computer interaction can not meet the spiritual needs of people, more convenient and more intuitive way to gradually enter into people's lives, that is virtual reality technology, referred to as VRU. In the virtual reality system, virtual scene rendering is an important link. Geometric rendering technology needs a large number of 3D modeling, the workload is large and the requirement of computer is very high. However, the image-based rendering technology directly collects images from the real scene to construct the virtual scene, which is easy to realize and the file is small, which is suitable for network transmission. At present, panoramic image technology is the most commonly used method in virtual scene rendering. Panoramic images have the advantages of authenticity, interactivity, economy and so on, but the traditional virtual scene image collection is limited to the ground, and can not view the scene as a whole. UAV aerial photography is undoubtedly the best way to solve this problem. In this study, the aerial images of the S1000 UAV were collected by remote control, and the images were spliced by OpenCV correlation algorithm, and the development platform was Adobe Flash Professional CS6 configured with Away3D. Finally, the virtual reality scene of the horizontal 360 degree vertical 180 degree spherical panorama can be obtained, so that the user can experience the "God's angle of view". This paper mainly studies the construction of Flash3D virtual scene based on aerial panorama, systematically studies several key technologies involved in virtual scene construction, and combines theory with practice. Taking the Qianfoshan campus of Shandong normal University as the object, a complete set of virtual scene is designed. The main contents of this study are as follows: firstly, the virtual reality technology, panoramic technology and Flash3D technology are analyzed. Secondly, the generation principle and application scope of panoramic technology are introduced. This paper summarizes three kinds of projection methods of panoramic technology, chooses spherical projection model to construct panoramic image through analysis and comparison, and expounds the principle of spherical panoramic projection in detail, and then introduces the flow of constructing virtual scene. It mainly includes image acquisition, image mosaic, virtual scene construction, content distribution in each chapter and detailed theoretical explanation. For the image acquisition step, the aerial shooting method is designed. The DJZH Z155D cloud head and Canon 5D SLR camera are carried by the DJG S1000 UAV. The aerial photography can be easily realized by remote control on the ground, and the aerial image can be obtained. For image stitching, the principle of feature point detection, feature point matching, image fusion and stitching is analyzed. The sift algorithm and SURF algorithm based on scale invariant are introduced, and the conclusion is drawn by comparing the two algorithms. Finally, the stitching image is obtained by OpenCV correlation algorithm, and the theoretical foundation of Flash3D is analyzed for the virtual scene construction step, and the scheme of constructing virtual scene is designed based on ActionScript3.0 in Flash CS6 with Away3D engine. The virtual campus system of Qianfoshan Campus of Shandong normal University is generated and published, which can be viewed online. On the basis of analyzing the theory of constructing virtual scene flow, through aerial panorama Flash3D technology, this paper designs a complete, feasible and effective scheme to construct virtual scene, taking Qianfo Mountain Campus of Shandong normal University as the object. In the era of the rapid development of virtual reality, it has a strong practical and realistic significance.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.41;TP391.9

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