基于ARDUINO的温室控制和监测智能化系统设计与实现

发布时间：2018-08-02 08:20

【摘要】：几乎所有的植物正常生长都需要一定的环境条件。因此,加强对环境条件的控制,以便使这些条件尽可能完美满足作物所需是非常重要的。为了构建这样一个理想的环境,需要通过对主要的气候和环境参数,如温度、湿度、光照强度、土壤水分等进行控制以便达到这样的要求。对全年能够持续生产优质蔬菜或花卉的需求有效促进了自动化温室的发展。这类自动化控制系统提供了植物生长所需的最适宜条件,并控制温度、湿度、光照强度和土壤水分,他们能够被持续地控制和监测,以便对它们进行优化进而达到生产效率和植物生产的最大化。在温室规模不断扩大的情况下,农户必须相应增设对应测量点以便跟踪环境变化,进而使节能和更精确的调整成为可能。然而,增设测量点意味着安装和维护成本的增加。同时这些新增测量点一旦被创建和安装,他们在未来的迁移将变得十分繁琐。基于上述原因,本文提出了一个较为新颖的解决方案,即基于Arduino针对温室环境研究和开发出一套智能化的控制和监测系统,用于实现可编程方式智能地监测和控制温室气候条件。本系统由三大部分组成,分别是“传感器单元”、“控制单元”和“中心站”。传感器单元用于数据采集。它负责收集必要的环境变量数据并通过以太网插板模块将相关参数传输到控制台。控制单元的本质即作为一个路由器,以预编程的方式控制数据和指令在传感器单元和中心站之间的流动。本单元还管理本地调节器和设备,如水泵、加湿器、灯等等。中心站是整个系统的主控制器。它向控制单元发出指令,处理传入的数据并允许方便地访问系统用户的数据。本平台还可以实时地存储和可视化数据,并负责温室环境相关参数的调整。为了更好地监测温室内的环境状况,传感器单元配备了几个传感器模块,如湿度、温度、土壤水分、光照和CO2传感器。传感器单元和控制单元之间的通信是通过Arduino ATmega2560单片机实现的。传感器单元和控制单元均需要中央处理单元,以执行各种任务,例如数据采集、数据处理和数据传输等,在此过程中单片机被用于这两个单元。控制单元和中心站之间的通信是通过以太网板卡模块实现的。对Arduino单片机的编程采用C编程语言作为处理语言。代码被写进Arduino集成开发环境,用于控制传感器,并执行相关其他功能,包括将数据发送到中心站。一旦传感器单元收集完成,相应的湿度、温度、二氧化碳浓度、土壤水分和光强度测量等数据将被存储在MySQL数据库中,可以通过系统的web应用程序在服务器端对其进行访问。上述MySQL数据库由web浏览器使用开放源码工具PHPMyAdmin对其进行管理。系统的中心站被设计成可以采用不同的编程语言来实现相关功能。在服务器端,PHP是一种常用的编程语言。在客户端,采用了不同的呈现技术,包括像JavaScript、HTML5、CSS3以及JQuery等,他们均被用来设计用户界面。Web应用程序运行在本地的XAMPP服务器上,该服务器被安装在计算机的操作系统内WEB服务器根目录下。Arduino单片机与web服务器和以太网板卡集成设立。Web服务器用于WEB页面的响应,以便可以被任何Arduino设备上运行的web浏览器访问。Arduino web服服务器端页面允许对Arduino硬件的访问——这允许相关硬件可以被控制(如可以从WEB页面对水泵进行打开和关闭)和监测(例如读取该驱动器的状态并在网页上显示)。Arduino被分配了一个静态IP地址,以便使web服务器更容易响应。通过不同的大量实验,本文验证了该采用以太网板卡WEB SERVER技术的功能性和可靠性。结果表明,以太网板卡模块可以作为一种有效解决方案,大大降低了安装成本,提高了温室监测和控制的灵活性和可靠性。总体来说,本文采用基于WEB的应用系统作为Arduino的界面,以太网板卡模块作为WEB SERVER和微控制单元的连接器,可视化再现了来自不同传感器和不同调节器的海量状态和数据。通过对控制系统的结果和设计方案测试,表明本方案是可行的。与此同时论文也概述了一些特殊流程和解决方案的设计。整个系统的架构充分体现了一些优点,如成本、规模、电力消耗、灵活性,以及智能分布。有理由相信,本项研究的成果对未来低成本高智能温室控制监测系统的研究、开发以及商用化具有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The normal growth of almost all plants requires certain environmental conditions. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the control of environmental conditions so as to make these conditions as perfect as possible to meet the needs of the crops. In order to build such an ideal environment, the main climatic and environmental parameters, such as temperature, humidity, intensity of light, soil, and soil, are needed. Water is controlled to meet such requirements. The demand for continuous production of high quality vegetables or flowers throughout the year has effectively promoted the development of automated greenhouses. This automatic control system provides the most suitable conditions for plant growth and controls temperature, humidity, light intensity and soil moisture, and they can be kept on control. It is made and monitored so that they can be optimized to maximize production efficiency and plant production. In the case of growing greenhouse scale, farmers have to add corresponding measurement points to track environmental changes, and thus make energy saving and more accurate adjustment possible. However, the additional measurement points mean the cost of installation and maintenance. At the same time, once the new measurement points are created and installed, their future migration will become very tedious. Based on the above reasons, this paper proposes a more novel solution based on Arduino for greenhouse environment research and the development of a set of intelligent control and monitoring systems for realizing programmable intelligence. The system is capable of monitoring and controlling greenhouse climate conditions. This system consists of three parts: "sensor unit", "control unit" and "center station". Sensor unit is used for data acquisition. It is responsible for collecting the necessary data of the environment variables and transferring the phase parameters to the console through the Ethernet pluggable module. Quality is a router that controls the flow of data and instructions between the sensor unit and the center station in a preprogrammed manner. This unit also manages local regulators and devices, such as pumps, humidifiers, lights and so on. The central station is the main controller of the whole system. It sends instructions to the control unit, handles incoming data and allows convenience. This platform can also store and visualize the data in real time and adjust the parameters of the greenhouse environment. In order to better monitor the environment, the sensor unit is equipped with several sensor modules, such as humidity, temperature, soil moisture, light and CO2 sensors, sensor units and control units. The communication between the Arduino ATmega2560 is realized. The sensor unit and the control unit all need the central processing unit to perform various tasks, such as data acquisition, data processing and data transmission. In this process, the MCU is used for the two units. The communication between the control unit and the central station is through Ethernet The programming of Arduino MCU uses C programming language as a processing language. The code is written into the Arduino integrated development environment to control sensors and perform other functions, including sending data to the center station. Once the sensor unit is collected, the corresponding humidity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, soil water The data will be stored in the MySQL database and can be accessed on the server side by the web application of the system. The MySQL database is managed by the web browser using the open source tool PHPMyAdmin. The central station of the system is designed to use different programming languages to implement the correlation. On the server side, PHP is a common programming language. On the client side, different rendering techniques, including JavaScript, HTML5, CSS3, and JQuery, are used to design the user interface.Web application running on the local XAMPP server, which is installed on the WEB server in the computer's operating system. In the root directory, the.Arduino microcontroller is integrated with the web server and Ethernet card to set up the response of the.Web server to the WEB page, so that the web browser running on any Arduino device can access the.Arduino web to allow access to the Arduino hardware, which allows the related hardware to be controlled (as from WEB). The page opens and closes the pump) and monitors (for example reads the state of the drive and displays on the web page).Arduino is assigned a static IP address to make the web server more responsive. Through a variety of experiments, this article verifies the functionality and reliability of the Ethernet board WEB SERVER technology. The Ethernet board module can be used as an effective solution, greatly reducing the installation cost and improving the flexibility and reliability of the monitoring and control of the greenhouse. In general, the application system based on WEB is used as the interface of the Arduino. The Ethernet card module is the connector of the WEB SERVER and the micro control unit. A large number of States and data from different sensors and different regulators are present. By testing the results of the control system and the design scheme, the scheme is feasible. At the same time, the paper also outlines some special processes and solutions. The architecture of the whole system has some advantages, such as cost, scale and power dissipation. It is reasonable to believe that the results of this study have some reference to the research, development and commercialization of the future low cost and high intelligent greenhouse control monitoring system.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP311.52;TP274

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