基于泰伯莫尔效应的滚转角检测方法的研究

发布时间：2018-08-25 09:59

【摘要】：角度是基本的几何量之一,现有的角度测量方法有很多,并且广泛的应用于工业生产、科研、国防等领域。空间物体相对于大地坐标系的三维姿态测量、物体不同结构或系统之间的三维相对转角的测量都是角度测量的重要组成部分。在同一物体不同结构或系统之间的三维相对转角的测量中,相对俯仰角和偏摆角的测量技术已较成熟,如可利用光学自准直法进行测量;对于相对滚转角,因其滚转矢量所在平面的法线与两系统连线方向重合,所以滚转角的测量相对复杂。本文介绍了一些关于角度测量的基本方法,分析总结了光学非接触滚转角测量的常用方法。重点围绕泰伯莫尔效应的滚转角测量方法展开本文的研究工作,即透射光栅在单色平面波的照射下会在其泰伯距离处产生泰伯像,置于该泰伯像处的反射光栅与该泰伯像产生莫尔条纹,当反射光栅与透射光栅有相对角度变化时,产生的莫尔条纹宽度与夹角也将随之改变。本文在分析论述基于泰伯莫尔效应的滚转角测量方法的基础上,对泰伯效应进行了计算仿真分析,按照设计要求确定了泰伯效应结合光电自准直仪的三维转角检测系统的方案;重点介绍了该系统的光路设计,基于该设计进行了滚转角检测系统的光路的搭建与调试;通过实验获得莫尔条纹图像;对所得莫尔条纹进行图像处理得到其倾角和宽度变化量,进而计算出滚转角的变化量。图像处理过程中依次使用图像预处理、Otus阈值分割、细化、直线拟合等多种处理方法。根据仿真模拟分析了三维角度的耦合情况对测量的影响。计算仿真结果和实验结果表明,论文提出的基于泰伯莫尔效应进行物体滚转角测量的方案是可行的,且能达到较高的测量精度和分辨力;结合光电自准直仪可有效地实现物体空间姿态的测量。
[Abstract]:Angle is one of the basic geometric quantities. There are many methods of angle measurement, which are widely used in industrial production, scientific research, national defense and other fields. The three-dimensional attitude measurement of space object relative to geodetic coordinate system and the measurement of three-dimensional relative rotation angle between different structures or systems are important parts of angle measurement. In the measurement of three dimensional relative rotation angle between different structures or systems of the same object, the measurement technology of relative pitch angle and deflection angle is more mature, such as the optical autocollimation method; for relative rolling angle, Because the normal line of the plane in which the rolling vector is located coincides with the direction of the connection between the two systems, the measurement of the rolling angle is relatively complex. In this paper, some basic methods of angle measurement are introduced, and the common methods of optical non-contact rolling angle measurement are analyzed and summarized. The research work of this paper is focused on the taubermoire effect's rolling angle measurement method, that is, the transmission grating under the monochromatic plane wave will produce the Taber image at the teraber distance. The reflection grating placed at the spot of the Tyber image produces moire fringes with the image. When the angle between the reflection grating and the transmission grating changes, the width and angle of the moire fringe will also change. On the basis of analyzing and discussing the method of measuring the rolling angle based on the Tybermoire effect, this paper carries on the calculation and simulation analysis to the Taber effect, and according to the design requirements, determines the scheme of the three-dimensional rotation angle detection system of the Tyber effect combined with the photoelectric autocollimator. The optical circuit design of the system is introduced in detail. Based on the design, the optical path of the rolling angle detection system is built and debugged, the moire fringe image is obtained by experiment, and the inclination angle and width change are obtained by processing the obtained moire fringe image. Then the variation of rolling angle is calculated. In the process of image processing, several processing methods, such as image preprocessing and Otus threshold segmentation, thinning, line fitting and so on, are used in turn. According to the simulation, the effect of the coupling of three-dimensional angle on the measurement is analyzed. The simulation results and experimental results show that the scheme proposed in this paper is feasible for measuring the rolling angle of objects based on the Taber moire effect and can achieve high measurement accuracy and resolution. Combined with photoelectric autocollimator, the measurement of space attitude of object can be realized effectively.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP391.41

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