BIM技术对绿色住宅设计应用研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 10:55

【摘要】：近几年以来,我国空气环境质量问题日益严重,特别是城市地区,人们居住和生活环境问题越来越凸显,中央领导高层一直狠抓环保,但效果不明显。为了营造人类健康的生活环境,我国开始普及绿色住宅的建设,如何发展绿色住宅日渐成为业界研究的重点。生态学设计是绿色住宅设计的基础,如何运用生态学原理对绿色住宅的设计提供建设性意见将具有深远的意义。BIM技术将颠覆传统设计工作,设计过程中就是不断建模的过程,该模型可以全面提供设计效率,大大减少重复的设计工作。《绿色建筑评价标准》是我国内地评价和指导绿色住宅设计的理论支撑,让绿色建筑的设计参数具体化,避免盲目地叠加绿色建筑技术,使绿色建筑规范化发展。针对上述问题,本文主要绿色住宅设计阶段的每个层面引入BIM技术进行研究比对,为绿色住宅设计提供参考性的设计思路和方法。第一,通过文献了解BIM概念、技术特点以及技术的优势,BIM技术全面应用于建筑全生命期以及提高建筑行业在各阶段的科学技术水平来促进建筑业全面信息化和现代化,具有巨大的应用价值和广阔的应用前景,这一强大的应用优势完全契合绿色建筑的宗旨。我们找到了解决上述问题的办法和方向。第二,对《绿色建筑评价规范》进行研究,发现虽然适应了我国当前建筑业的发展,但是绿色建筑技术的使用方法和适用范围没有详细说明。由于我国幅员辽阔,各地域气候和地形差异巨大,《标准》未能在生态建筑层面上给予技术支持,并且没有给出具体项目使用哪些适合本项目特点的绿色建筑技术。所以我国现行的《标准》体系并不完善,需要寻找一种新的理论和技术配合才能科学地推动我国绿色建筑的发展。第三,通过中国传统建筑的文献资料总结出古人设计住宅的一套理念和角度,通过现代绿色建筑的理念与传统建筑的比较,总结出绿色建筑的四个显著特点:是一是节能,节能观念始终贯穿整个住宅的生命期;二是因地制宜,结合周边环境、气候确定建筑设计风格,使用本土化建材,不破坏当地水系和植被,是生态建筑的体现。三是让室内环境亲近自然,建筑内外部能够科学地循环,适应周边气候变化;四是建筑全寿命期不对环境构成破坏。第四,文章通过文献资料总结并且结合作者BIM设计经历以及绿色建筑评价经历对BIM技术与我国绿色建筑设计相结合的实用性做了展开。BIM技术对绿色建筑的设计提供强有力的技术支持,从规划设计阶段开始建立信息化模型,结合项目所在地的气象资料和环境因素,通过BIM技术分析软件对项目进行精确化展现,再以《绿色建筑评价标准》以及相关规范为指导对项目设计加以修正、管理和决策。最后,以一个住宅设计为例,通过BIM技术对方案设计进行调整和作出决策,使住宅的设计更加有方向地朝绿色住宅建筑发展,可以从宏观到微观不同层次上对建筑进行分析,给建筑师提供高精度的模拟数据用来给建筑设计提供决策。BIM技术软件可以使建筑适应当地的气候条件并且能够结合建筑本身特点来设计一个有经济性和可持续的绿色建筑项目。绿色建筑的设计阶段对绿色建筑的建造和运营管理起着至关重要的作用,更是绿色住宅生命期重要的组成部分。由于缺少全国性项目的工程实践,提出的设计模式或使用的软件难免不尽完善,还有很多需要进一步完善的地方。本文的写作虽已结束,但作者对绿色建筑设计的工作和探索不会就此终止,希望本文的绿色住宅设计理念和思路对今后类似研究提供一些参考和帮助。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's air quality problems have become increasingly serious, especially in urban areas, people's living and living environment problems are becoming more and more prominent, the central leadership has been hard to pay attention to environmental protection, but the effect is not obvious. Ecology design is the foundation of green residential design. It will be of far-reaching significance to provide constructive suggestions for green residential design by using ecology principles. BIM technology will subvert the traditional design work. The design process is a process of continuous modeling. The model can provide overall design efficiency and greatly reduce the design cost. Green Building Evaluation Criteria is the theoretical support for evaluating and guiding green residential design in the Mainland of China. It makes the design parameters of green buildings concrete, avoids blindly overlapping green building technology, and standardizes the development of green buildings. First, through the literature understanding of the concept of BIM, technical characteristics and technical advantages, BIM technology is applied to the full life of the building industry and improve the level of science and technology at all stages of the construction industry to promote the construction industry information and now. Modernization has great application value and broad application prospects. This strong application advantage fully conforms to the purpose of green building. We have found the solution and direction to solve the above problems. Secondly, the study of "green building evaluation code" shows that although it adapts to the development of China's current construction industry, green building technology Because of the vast territory of our country and the huge difference of climate and terrain in different regions, the < Standard > can not provide technical support on the level of ecological architecture, and does not give the specific projects which are suitable for the characteristics of green building technology. So the current < Standard > system is not complete. Good, we need to find a new theory and technology to promote the scientific development of green building in China. Third, through the literature of traditional Chinese architecture, summed up a set of ideas and angles of ancient people's design of housing, through the concept of modern green building and traditional building comparison, summed up the four remarkable characteristics of green building: It is an energy-saving concept throughout the life of the entire residential; second, according to local conditions, combined with the surrounding environment, climate to determine architectural design style, the use of localized building materials, do not destroy the local water system and vegetation, is the embodiment of ecological architecture. Fourthly, the paper summarizes the literature and combines the author's BIM design experience and green building evaluation experience to develop the practicability of combining BIM technology with green building design in China. At the stage of planning and design, the information model is set up, the meteorological data and environmental factors of the project site are combined, the project is displayed accurately by BIM technology analysis software, and then the project design is revised, managed and made decision under the guidance of and relevant specifications. Through the BIM technology to adjust and make decisions on the scheme design, the residential design will be more directional toward green residential buildings. The architecture can be analyzed from macro to micro levels, providing architects with high-precision simulation data to provide decision-making for architectural design. The design stage of green building plays an important role in the construction and operation management of green building, and it is also an important part of the life cycle of green residence. Although this paper is finished, the author's work and Exploration on green building design will not stop at this point. I hope that the green residential design ideas and ideas in this paper will provide some reference and help for similar research in the future.
【学位授予单位】：安徽建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU17;TU241.91

【参考文献】