基于物联网的智能家居系统的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-09-08 21:40

【摘要】：随着科技的迅猛发展,给人类的生活的很多方面都带来了变化。经济的不断发展,使人们对于生活品质的追求变的越来越高,智能化的设备更加普遍,智能家居系统应运而生。当今涉及智能家居的企业很多,如海尔、格力等,他们所提出的一整套智能家居解决方案具有购买成本高、布线困难、后期维护费用高以及升级困难等问题,针对这些问题,本文提出了一种基于物联网的智能家居系统实现方案,通过低成本路由器替代网关以及wifi传输数据和开源操作系统等方式来解决上述问题。本文主要有做了以下几方面工作:首先,智能家居网关是基于物联网的智能家居系统中关键部分,我主要做的工作为通过基于Linux开发的OpenWrt路由软件平台交叉编译定制更适合智能家居的网关系统,具有轻量化、模块化程度高以及文件系统可写的特点。在此系统之上编程实现了不同设备的连接以及协议转换,其中包括下发来自服务层的指令、实时反馈网关状态、对底层设备进行控制、状态监控以及动态维护设备信息等功能,还设计并实现了对于上下层不同协议的转换,提高了协议兼容性,这样使得智能家居网关在民用住宅中更易于部署。其次,还采用了基于Linux系统的树莓派作为本系统的节点层设备,在其开源系统中采用C、Python开发语言编程实现了对上层设备协议的解析、底层设备的控制、信息汇总、状态监控、实时动态维护设备列表以及定时控制等功能。采用开源硬件可以对开发成本、开发周期得到很好的控制,并且不会由于一款特定芯片生产周期的结束而更换整套设备。最后,在节点层和底层设备之间设计了可以兼容多种设备的硬件转接板,包括原理图的设计以及PCB电路的绘制。它可以连接多种形式的GPIO接口,从而为以后添加不同功能的设备打下了良好的基础。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, many aspects of human life have changed. With the development of economy, people's pursuit of quality of life becomes higher and higher, and intelligent equipment becomes more and more common, and intelligent home system emerges as the times require. Nowadays, there are a lot of enterprises involved in smart home, such as Haier, Gree and so on. They put forward a set of smart home solutions with high purchase cost, difficult wiring, high maintenance cost and difficulty in upgrading. In this paper, a solution of intelligent home system based on Internet of things is proposed, which can solve the above problems by replacing gateway with low-cost router, transmitting data by wifi and open source operating system. The main work of this paper is as follows: first, the smart home gateway is a key part of the intelligent home system based on the Internet of things. My main work is to cross-compile and customize the gateway system which is more suitable for smart home through the OpenWrt routing software platform based on Linux, which has the characteristics of lightweight, high modularization and writable file system. The connection and protocol conversion of different devices are realized by programming on this system, including sending down instructions from service layer, real-time feedback gateway status, controlling the underlying equipment, monitoring the state and maintaining the equipment information dynamically, and so on. It also designs and implements the conversion of different protocols between the upper and lower layers, and improves the compatibility of the protocols, which makes the smart home gateway easier to deploy in the civil residence. Secondly, the raspberry pie based on Linux system is used as the node layer device of the system. In its open source system, the analysis of the upper device protocol, the control of the bottom device, the collection of information and the monitoring of the status are realized by programming in the open source system. Real-time dynamic maintenance of equipment list and timing control and other functions. Using open source hardware can control the cost of development, the development cycle is well controlled, and the entire equipment will not be replaced by the end of a specific chip production cycle. Finally, a hardware adapter is designed between the node layer and the underlying device, including the design of schematic diagram and the drawing of PCB circuit. It can connect various forms of GPIO interface, thus laying a good foundation for adding different functions of the device in the future.
【学位授予单位】：河北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TP391.44;TN929.5;TU855

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