去中心化的分布式存储模型

发布时间：2018-10-25 11:28

【摘要】：分布式数据存储过程中的元数据保存在中心节点上,容易造成单点故障和易被恶意修改,安全性较差。虽然,通过引入备份节点可以一定程度上避免该问题,但节点之间的同步和切换效率较低。同时,存储元数据的节点可以达成共识修改元数据,缺乏可信性。针对传统分布式存储中存在的问题,结合区块链的特点,提出一种去中心化的分布式存储模型DMB(Decentralized Metadata Blockchain),通过将元数据保存在区块中、冗余存储区块链、协作验证来保证元数据的完整性。模型分为两个阶段,即元数据存储阶段和元数据验证阶段。在元数据存储阶段,将用户的签名和副本位置数据发送给若干验证节点,生成元数据区块并写入元数据区块链中。在元数据验证阶段,验证节点首先检查本地元数据区块链的状态和全局状态是否相同,如果不相同则进行状态同步。然后,检索本地元数据区块链来验证元数据完整性。理论与实验结果表明,DMB模型可以保证元数据的可追溯性和完整性,有较好的并发处理能力,对数据存储的效率影响较小。
[Abstract]:The metadata in the distributed data storage procedure is stored on the central node, which is easy to cause a single point of failure and is easy to be maliciously modified, and the security is poor. Although this problem can be avoided to some extent by introducing backup nodes, the synchronization and switching efficiency between nodes is low. At the same time, the nodes that store metadata can reach a consensus to modify the metadata, which lacks credibility. Aiming at the problems existing in traditional distributed storage and combining the characteristics of block chain, a decentralized distributed storage model (DMB (Decentralized Metadata Blockchain),) is proposed, in which metadata is stored in blocks and redundant block chains are stored. Collaborative validation to ensure the integrity of metadata. The model is divided into two stages: metadata storage and metadata validation. In the metadata storage stage, the user's signature and replica location data are sent to several verification nodes, the metadata blocks are generated and written into the metadata block chain. In the metadata verification phase, the verification node first checks whether the state of the local metadata block chain is the same as the global state, and if not, synchronizes the state. Then, the local metadata block chain is retrieved to verify the metadata integrity. The theoretical and experimental results show that the DMB model can guarantee the traceability and integrity of metadata, and has better concurrent processing capability, and has little effect on the efficiency of data storage.
【作者单位】：东北大学计算机科学与工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(No.61472069,No.61402089) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(No.161602003) 辽宁省自然科学基金(No.2015020553)
【分类号】：TP311.13;TP333

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