基于GIS空间分析的地图数据检查系统设计与实现
发布时间：2018-11-02 18:38
【摘要】：地图数据是GIS(地理信息系统)的一个重要组成部分,是GIS提供其他服务的可靠性和有效性的重要保障。因此地图数据质量的高低一直是地图生产过程中的关注重点,随着数字制图技术的不断发展,地图数据检查有了较为成熟的理论,相应的数据检查软件也层出不穷,但大量的软件主要集中在检查地图数据的空间精确性、属性完整性以及数据的现实性等方面,对于空间数据来说最重要的当然是精确性,但地图本身是各类地理要素在平面上的简化、投影与反映,而各类地理要素之间存在着相互依存的复杂的空间关系,而地图数据空间关系的检查则需要丰富的制图经验和实地考察经验,而这类检查往往被普通软件所忽略的,只能依靠地图审校人员的经验进行人工检查。本文主要完成的工作如下：(1)对照国内外的研究现状,分析了GIS空间分析的研究和应用进展,并针对GIS对地图空间数据检查系统的应用相关技术进行了论述,其核心技术包括缓冲分析检查,叠加运算以及网络分析方法；介绍了GIS空间分析的基本理论、技术体系和基本方法,以及地图数据的检查流程、检查内容和检查方法,为下一步利用GIS空间分析解决相应问题提供了基础；(2)研究了地图生产中的成果数据中出现几率比较高的一系列问题,并分析了问题产生的原因；对系统进行了需求分析和架构设计,重点论述了系统的数据预处理功能、空间分析功能和数据检查功能；(3)基于ArcGIS设计实现了相关功能：充分利用ArcGIS的空间分析功能和MicroStation系统的制图编辑功能；针对地图数据编辑中出现的各类问题,基于空间分析算法,设计了相应的数据检查模型,解决了诸如水系、居民地、道路等重要图层中出现的错误问题,并在地图生产中得到了初步验证。研究工作表明：利用GIS空间分析可以实现地图数据的检查,尤其针对复杂的只能依赖于审校人员制图经验的空间关系处理方面的检查。
[Abstract]:Map data is an important part of GIS (Geographic Information system) and an important guarantee for the reliability and effectiveness of other services provided by GIS. Therefore, the quality of map data has always been the focus of attention in the process of map production. With the continuous development of digital cartography technology, map data inspection has a more mature theory, and the corresponding data checking software is emerging in endlessly. But a lot of software focuses on checking the spatial accuracy of map data, the integrity of attributes, the reality of the data, and so on. The most important thing for spatial data is, of course, accuracy. But the map itself is the simplification, projection and reflection of all kinds of geographical elements in the plane. On the other hand, the checking of spatial relationship of map data needs rich cartographic experience and field inspection experience, but this kind of inspection is often ignored by common software, and it can only be checked manually by the experience of map revisers. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the research and application progress of GIS spatial analysis is analyzed compared with the current research situation at home and abroad, and the application technology of map spatial data checking system based on GIS is discussed. Its core technology includes buffer analysis check, superposition operation and network analysis method. This paper introduces the basic theory, technical system and basic method of GIS spatial analysis, as well as the checking flow, checking content and checking method of map data, which provides the foundation for the next step to use GIS spatial analysis to solve the corresponding problems. (2) A series of problems with high probability in the result data of map production are studied, and the causes of the problems are analyzed. The requirement analysis and architecture design of the system are carried out. The data preprocessing function, spatial analysis function and data checking function of the system are discussed in detail. (3) based on ArcGIS, the related functions are realized: make full use of the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS and the cartographic editing function of MicroStation system; In view of the problems in map data editing, based on the spatial analysis algorithm, the corresponding data checking model is designed, which solves the error problems in the important map layers such as water system, residential area, road and so on. And in the map production has been preliminarily verified. The research results show that the GIS spatial analysis can be used to check the map data, especially for the complex spatial relationship processing which can only depend on the cartographic experience of the revisers.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(工程管理与信息技术学院)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP311.52
本文编号：2306632
[Abstract]:Map data is an important part of GIS (Geographic Information system) and an important guarantee for the reliability and effectiveness of other services provided by GIS. Therefore, the quality of map data has always been the focus of attention in the process of map production. With the continuous development of digital cartography technology, map data inspection has a more mature theory, and the corresponding data checking software is emerging in endlessly. But a lot of software focuses on checking the spatial accuracy of map data, the integrity of attributes, the reality of the data, and so on. The most important thing for spatial data is, of course, accuracy. But the map itself is the simplification, projection and reflection of all kinds of geographical elements in the plane. On the other hand, the checking of spatial relationship of map data needs rich cartographic experience and field inspection experience, but this kind of inspection is often ignored by common software, and it can only be checked manually by the experience of map revisers. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the research and application progress of GIS spatial analysis is analyzed compared with the current research situation at home and abroad, and the application technology of map spatial data checking system based on GIS is discussed. Its core technology includes buffer analysis check, superposition operation and network analysis method. This paper introduces the basic theory, technical system and basic method of GIS spatial analysis, as well as the checking flow, checking content and checking method of map data, which provides the foundation for the next step to use GIS spatial analysis to solve the corresponding problems. (2) A series of problems with high probability in the result data of map production are studied, and the causes of the problems are analyzed. The requirement analysis and architecture design of the system are carried out. The data preprocessing function, spatial analysis function and data checking function of the system are discussed in detail. (3) based on ArcGIS, the related functions are realized: make full use of the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS and the cartographic editing function of MicroStation system; In view of the problems in map data editing, based on the spatial analysis algorithm, the corresponding data checking model is designed, which solves the error problems in the important map layers such as water system, residential area, road and so on. And in the map production has been preliminarily verified. The research results show that the GIS spatial analysis can be used to check the map data, especially for the complex spatial relationship processing which can only depend on the cartographic experience of the revisers.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(工程管理与信息技术学院)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP311.52
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