空间目标红外成像建模与仿真

发布时间：2019-06-14 07:52

【摘要】：红外成像仿真技术是基于计算机仿真的红外成像系统的内场测试技术,在一定程度上弥补了外场测试中耗费大量人力、物力和财力的不足,对于红外成像系统研制周期的缩短、图像处理算法的研究以及复杂条件下红外图像的获取起到了重要的作用。目前空间目标场景的仿真多研究目标本身的辐射,而忽略了目标对太阳和深空背景的反射辐射,并且对双波段的目标仿真研究也较少,大多用在目标识别方面。为此,本文在总结了现有的红外场景仿真方法的基础上,结合深空背景中空间目标的红外辐射理论以及计算机图形学的技术,研究了空间目标动态红外图像的生成技术以及双波段红外图像仿真。本文对深空背景中的空间目标建模与仿真技术进行了深入的探讨,主要完成了以下几个部分的工作:(1)从STK中导出空间目标在特定时间段的轨道数据和姿态数据,用以计算目标在轨道中的位置以及受照角系数,基于节点网络法和热平衡理论,构建目标表面节点的热平衡方程,从而计算空间目标表面的温度分布。(2)根据计算机图形学的理论进行一系列坐标变换,结合目标的红外辐射模型,渲染输出目标的红外图像,实现了Open GL渲染引擎的主要功能。(3)建立了深空中探测器的效应模型,考虑了诸多因素,包括相机光学系统的口径、光学透过率等效应,最终生成了目标的灰度图像,直接反映了探测器光敏元上的能量分布。本文比较完整的实现了空间目标红外场景仿真的过程,为进一步的图像处理和融合技术创造了条件。
[Abstract]:Infrared imaging simulation technology is the internal field testing technology of infrared imaging system based on computer simulation, which makes up for the shortage of manpower, material and financial resources in the external field test to a certain extent. It plays an important role in shortening the development cycle of infrared imaging system, the research of image processing algorithm and the acquisition of infrared image under complex conditions. At present, the simulation of space target scene studies the radiation of the target itself, but ignores the reflected radiation of the target to the sun and deep space background, and there is little research on the dual-band target simulation, most of which are used in target recognition. Therefore, on the basis of summing up the existing infrared scene simulation methods, combined with the infrared radiation theory of space target in deep space background and the technology of computer graphics, the generation technology of dynamic infrared image of space target and the simulation of dual band infrared image are studied in this paper. In this paper, the modeling and simulation technology of spatial target in deep space background is deeply discussed, and the following parts of work are completed: (1) the orbit data and attitude data of space target in a specific time period are derived from STK, which can be used to calculate the position of the target in orbit and the coefficient of exposure angle. Based on the node network method and heat balance theory, the thermal balance equation of the surface node of the target is constructed. In order to calculate the temperature distribution of the surface of the space target. (2) according to the theory of computer graphics, a series of coordinate transformation is carried out, combined with the infrared radiation model of the target, the infrared image of the output target is rendered, and the main functions of the Open GL rendering engine are realized. (3) the effect model of the deep air detector is established, and many factors are taken into account, including the aperture of the camera optical system, the optical transmittance and so on. Finally, the gray image of the target is generated, which directly reflects the energy distribution on the detector Guang Min element. In this paper, the infrared scene simulation process of space target is realized completely, which creates conditions for further image processing and fusion technology.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(中国科学院上海技术物理研究所)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.41

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