建设项目安全文化和行为安全的理论与实证研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 03:25

本文关键词：建设项目安全文化和行为安全的理论与实证研究　出处：《清华大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：建设项目安全事故频发，造成重大人员伤亡和经济损失，亟需先进的安全理念和真正有效的安全管理方法和工具来应对。建筑业的安全文化水平较低，施工现场存在大量的不安全行为。学术界对建设项目安全文化还没有形成统一的认识，缺少全面准确的定义和基础模型，导致安全文化研究的系统设计存在缺陷；行为安全（BBS）作为强化安全行为、消除不安全行为的管理措施，，虽然得到了广泛应用，但对不安全行为的产生过程和影响因素讨论不足，甚少考虑建筑业的行业特征、组织特征和行为特征，导致其在建设项目上的干预效果有限、可持续性较差。本论文尝试从建设项目安全文化的定义和理论框架入手，分析项目安全文化的构成要素及其互动关系，探索管理行为—安全氛围—工人行为间的影响路径，提出建筑业BBS改进方案，为改善建筑业安全状况提供新思路和新工具。本文全面回顾安全文化的经典定义，结合对建设项目特征的系统分析，对建设项目安全文化给出完整、清晰的定义；分析项目主要参与方对项目安全文化的贡献和动态交互机理，阐明项目安全文化的构成要素和内涵，构建“建设项目安全文化互动模型”。该模型为建筑业安全提供了一个新的视角，并为建设项目安全文化的研究与培育提供了理论基础。在“互动模型”的框架下，以安全文化的感知因素和行为因素为研究对象，采用结构方程模型，明确了班组长行为以安全氛围中“工友支持”、“指导环境”和“工人参与”等因子为媒介对工人行为的影响路径和强度，发现了“管理行为对工人行为的影响关系”，为改进建设项目现场的安全参与、沟通和培训提供了指导性建议，为建筑业BBS改进方案提供理论支撑。基于“影响关系”揭示的规律，提出关注管理行为的，通过评价和诊断项目安全氛围和班组长行为进行干预设计的建筑业BBS改进方案。该改进方案经过在某房建项目的实证检验，被证明可以同时改善项目安全氛围和工人行为绩效，并通过跟踪期的观测证明其干预效果的可持续性，为建设项目提供真正有效的安全管理工具。本文构建了建设项目安全文化互动模型，明确了管理行为对工人行为的影响关系，提出了建筑业BBS的改进方案，有利于推动建筑业安全生产的进步。
[Abstract]:Construction project safety accidents occur frequently, resulting in heavy casualties and economic losses, the need for advanced safety concepts and truly effective safety management methods and tools to deal with the construction industry is low level of safety culture. There is a large number of unsafe behavior in construction site. The academic community has not formed a unified understanding of the safety culture of construction projects, and lacks a comprehensive and accurate definition and basic model. The system design of safety culture research has defects; As a management measure to strengthen safety behavior and eliminate unsafe behavior, BBS (behavior Safety) has been widely used, but the process and influencing factors of unsafe behavior have not been discussed enough. Very little consideration of the industry characteristics of the construction industry, organizational characteristics and behavioral characteristics, resulting in its limited intervention in construction projects. This paper attempts to start with the definition and theoretical framework of the construction project safety culture, and analyzes the elements of the project safety culture and its interaction. In order to provide new ideas and tools for improving the safety of construction industry, this paper explores the influence path between management behavior, safety atmosphere and workers' behavior, and puts forward the improvement scheme of BBS in construction industry. In this paper, the classical definition of safety culture is comprehensively reviewed, and a complete and clear definition of the safety culture of construction project is given in combination with the systematic analysis of the characteristics of the construction project. This paper analyzes the contribution and dynamic interaction mechanism of the main project participants to the project safety culture, and clarifies the elements and connotation of the project safety culture. This model provides a new perspective for the safety of the construction industry and provides a theoretical basis for the research and cultivation of the safety culture of the construction projects. Under the framework of "interaction model", the author takes the perceptual and behavioral factors of safety culture as the research object, adopts the structural equation model, and clarifies that the behavior of group leader is supported by workers in the safe atmosphere. The factors such as "guiding environment" and "worker participation" are the influence path and intensity of media to worker behavior, and the influence relationship between management behavior and worker behavior is found, in order to improve the safety participation of construction project site. Communication and training to provide guidance for the construction industry BBS improvement plan to provide theoretical support. Based on the law revealed by "influence relationship", the author puts forward the attention to management behavior. By evaluating and diagnosing the project safety atmosphere and team leader behavior intervention design of the construction industry BBS improvement scheme. The improvement scheme through a housing project empirical test. It has been proved that it can improve both project safety atmosphere and worker behavior performance, and the sustainability of its intervention effect is proved by observation of tracking period, which provides a truly effective safety management tool for construction projects. This paper constructs an interactive model of safety culture in construction projects, clarifies the influence of management behavior on workers' behavior, and puts forward the improvement scheme of BBS in construction industry, which is helpful to promote the progress of safety in construction industry.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU714

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