大型钢构件制作加工过程中残余应力与变形的理论分析与实践

发布时间：2018-01-10 05:14

本文关键词：大型钢构件制作加工过程中残余应力与变形的理论分析与实践　出处：《河北工业大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在工业、民用建筑领域中，钢结构已经得到了普遍应用。加工制作过程中，钢结构产生的变形和残余应力和会对结构的质量起到一定的负面作用，所以钢构件生产过程中产生的残余应力与变形是在建筑钢结构领域中必须要重视的问题。现在，随着钢结构在工业、民用建筑领域之中的广泛应用，尤其在大型工业厂房中（例如发电站）大型构件应用越来越广泛，怎样有效地控制他的焊接变形问题就显得尤为重要。然而，若想要有效地控制并减小焊接变形，其关键所在是如何准确预测焊接变形。在国内外对预测焊接变形方法的研究中，具有较高分析预测精度的预测方法主要着眼于机械制造领域，仍未广泛应用于建筑钢结构领域，因为现有焊接变形预测方法对计算条件、计算成本、技术人员知识水平等方面都有较高要求，不适合在建筑钢结构领域广泛推广。本文结合工程实例，提出一种适用于建筑钢结构领域，用有限元方法简单、高效地分析由于温度场引起的钢结构焊接变形。该有限元法综合考虑了各种影响结构形变的因素，根据建筑钢结构在加工制作过程中残余应力产生的特点与本质，对钢结构件的焊接及温度变化过程进行有效的简化。文中利用ansys软件中的生死单元技术，加工制作过程中钢构件的温度变化过程被分解为多个子步进行叠加。本文考虑建筑钢结构领域与机械制造领域的不同特点，，简化了温度函数，将焊接过程中单元的温度变化转化为单元等效节点荷载进行考虑，从而避免了复杂的热力学计算过程；本文的分析过程采用了有限元法，该工具的优点是适应性强、列式简单、收敛性好、精度高等，从而可以保证分析结果的精度。最后，结合工程实例，本文将按本方法得到的分析结果和实测数据进行对比，结果表明本法是正确的、可用的。通过本法可以较准确地预测建筑钢结构在施工过程中的变形，从而可以提前定制有针对性的方案，本法即可以应用于建筑钢结构变形控制的分析，同时也为施工方案优化设计提供了有效工具。
[Abstract]:In the field of industrial and civil construction, steel structure has been widely used. In the process of processing, the deformation and residual stress of steel structure will play a certain negative role on the quality of the structure. Therefore, the residual stress and deformation produced in the production of steel members are important problems in the field of building steel structure. Nowadays, with the wide application of steel structure in the field of industry and civil construction, especially in large industrial buildings (such as power stations), large components are used more and more widely. It is very important to control the welding deformation effectively. However, if we want to control and reduce the welding deformation effectively. The key is how to accurately predict welding deformation. In the research of welding deformation prediction methods at home and abroad, the prediction method with high analysis and prediction accuracy is mainly focused on the field of mechanical manufacturing. It is still not widely used in the field of building steel structure, because the existing welding deformation prediction methods have higher requirements in terms of calculation conditions, calculation costs, knowledge level of technicians and so on. It is not suitable for wide application in the field of building steel structure. This paper presents a simple finite element method, which is suitable for the field of building steel structure with an engineering example. The welding deformation of steel structure caused by temperature field is analyzed efficiently. According to the characteristics and essence of residual stress in the process of manufacture of building steel structure. The welding and temperature changing process of steel structure is simplified effectively. The birth and death element technology in ansys software is used in this paper. The process of temperature change of steel members is decomposed into several steps. In this paper, considering the different characteristics in the field of building steel structure and mechanical manufacturing, the temperature function is simplified, and the temperature change of the element during welding is transformed into the equivalent node load of the element. Thus the complicated thermodynamic calculation process is avoided. The finite element method is used in the analysis process in this paper. The advantages of the tool are strong adaptability, simple formula, good convergence and high precision, so the accuracy of the analysis results can be guaranteed. Finally, combined with engineering examples, the analysis results obtained by this method are compared with the measured data, and the results show that the method is correct. The method can be used to predict the deformation of building steel structure in the construction process, so that the targeted scheme can be customized in advance. This method can be applied to the analysis of deformation control of building steel structure. At the same time, it also provides an effective tool for optimal design of construction scheme.
【学位授予单位】：河北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU758.16

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