基于太阳辐射动态分析的哈尔滨高层住区布局优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 19:52

本文关键词： 高层住区太阳辐射哈尔滨模拟分析布局优化　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市的人口集中，用地紧张，加之近年来能源日益短缺，在城市发展过程中，能源的有效利用越来越重要，太阳能的利用离我们的生活越来越近，尤其在北方寒冷地区，冬季通常以煤炭作为采暖燃料，煤炭是不可再生能源，成本较高，严重污染环境，急需新型节能、环保资源替代传统的煤炭燃料。冬季尽可能地利用太阳能，使采暖实现低耗辅助热源甚至是零消耗，是十分必要的。我国尚没有现行的太阳辐射标准，在目前的哈尔滨住区规划设计中，与太阳辐射间接相关的控制主要有日照和采光两个方面，住宅的日照情况常用日照时间作为衡量标准，采光标准的主要组成部分是采光系数和采光质量，一般通过建筑间距的改变来满足日照时间和采光标准的要求，但是，考虑到土地高效利用的限制，在日照时间和采光标准满足要求的情况下，并不能够完全达到每户居民日常生活对能源的需求量。本研究以哈尔滨市2008年到2013年间新建的高层住区为主要研究对象，通过模拟分析哈尔滨市典型的高层住区布局模式的太阳辐射获得量，依据各个季节太阳辐射获得量情况，提出较优的太阳能利用对策。以期对住区的节能起到积极的作用，能够为与住区相关地方法规条例的完善和相应实施细则的深化做出基础性的贡献。本文首先对太阳辐射与城市住区的关系进行了相关的基础研究，并总结了相关的理论实践及技术；接着，对哈尔滨城市住区的太阳辐射特征进行了初步分析，并对哈尔滨近六年的新建住区资料进行了调查整理。其次，在哈尔滨新建住区的调研基础上，确定了哈尔滨市四种典型的高层住区布局模式，简述了太阳辐射模拟环境及运行过程，具体地，对分析的时段、运行环境、运行过程等进行了介绍；然后，对哈尔滨城市高层住区的四种典型布局模式的太阳辐射获得量模拟结果进行了对比分析。最后，，以调研范围内的各布局模式的冬季南立面为主要优化对象，对哈尔滨城市高层住区的布局模式进行优化分析，提出优化对策，对策主要有改变平面布局朝向、增加建筑间距、改变住区布局模式三种。经过数值的模拟、整理和对比，总结出太阳能利用较优的平面布局朝向、建筑间距和布局模式，并对各种对策进行了归纳总结。
[Abstract]:Urban population concentration, land shortage, coupled with the growing shortage of energy in recent years, in the process of urban development, the effective use of energy is becoming more and more important, the use of solar energy is getting closer and closer to our lives. Especially in the cold areas of northern China, coal is usually used as heating fuel in winter. Coal is a non-renewable energy source, which has a high cost and seriously pollutes the environment, so it is in urgent need of new energy saving. It is necessary to make use of solar energy as much as possible in winter so as to achieve low consumption of auxiliary heat source or even zero consumption. There is no current solar radiation standard in China. In the current planning and design of Harbin residential area, the indirect control of solar radiation mainly includes two aspects: sunshine and daylighting. Sunshine time is commonly used as the measurement standard of residential sunshine. The main component of daylighting standard is lighting coefficient and lighting quality. Generally, the change of building spacing is used to meet the requirements of sunshine time and daylighting standard. However, in view of the constraints of efficient land use, in the case of sunshine time and daylighting standards meet the requirements. Can not fully meet the daily life of every household energy demand. This study took Harbin from 2008 to 2013 as the main research object of the new high-rise residential areas. Through the simulation analysis of Harbin's typical high-rise residential area layout model of solar radiation acquisition, according to each season of solar radiation acquisition. Better solar energy utilization countermeasures are put forward in order to play a positive role in energy saving of residential areas and make basic contributions to the perfection of local laws and regulations related to settlements and the deepening of corresponding implementation rules. In this paper, the relationship between solar radiation and urban residential area is studied, and the related theory, practice and technology are summarized. Then, the characteristics of solar radiation in Harbin urban settlements are analyzed, and the data of new settlements in Harbin in the past six years are investigated and sorted. Secondly, based on the investigation and research of new residential areas in Harbin. In this paper, four typical layout models of high-rise residential area in Harbin are determined, and the simulation environment and operation process of solar radiation are briefly described. In particular, the time period, running environment and operation process of the analysis are introduced. Then, the simulation results of solar radiation in four typical layout models of urban high-rise residential area in Harbin are compared and analyzed. Finally. Taking the south facade of each layout pattern in the scope of investigation as the main optimization object, this paper optimizes and analyzes the layout pattern of the high-rise residential area in Harbin city, and puts forward the optimization countermeasures. The countermeasures are mainly to change the orientation of the plane layout. Through numerical simulation, collation and comparison, summing up the better solar energy use of the plane layout orientation, building spacing and layout mode. All kinds of countermeasures are summarized.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.12

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