基于地面三维激光扫描技术的变形监测数据处理

发布时间：2018-01-24 17:39

本文关键词： 三维激光扫描变形监测数据处理精度评价　出处：《北京建筑大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着激光扫描技术在测绘领域的大踏步前进，以及国家基础设施的建设蓬勃开展，高端的三维激光扫描仪器逐渐进入普通人们的视线，三维激光扫描测量技术深刻改变了我们的生活和测绘领域的发展。三维激光测量技术作为近些年发展起来的一项高新技术，以其方便、快捷的以高精度、密度方式并且是无接触形式获得地面研究对象的三维点云数据，这使得地面三维激光扫描技术的应用领域已经深入到工程测量、变形监测等测绘领域的各个分支。变形监测是指对大到整个地壳、小到某个工程构（建）筑物等的点位移动和形状变化状况而展开的一项长期、重复的测量工作，预报有可能出现的灾害状况并提前预防，因此它为国计民生做出了很大贡献。随着三维激光扫描技术开始涉足变形监测这个领域，新的技术方法、数据处理分析方法也必定要随之跟上，怎样利用这项先进的测量技术做变形监测，是有待深入研究的,因此，将三维激光扫描技术引入到变形监测领域中，具有重要的理论与现实意义。本论文首先阐述了基于地面三维激光扫描技术应用于变形监测的意义、现状、优缺点及发展趋势，接着分别介绍了变形监测的基本概念、监测方法、数据处理分析方法和三维激光扫描测量的原理、特点、发展现状、获取点云数据的特点及数据处理方法做了详细的介绍。三维激光扫描技术虽然可以反映扫描变形体的整体面貌，但是我们却不能在两期数据之间找到同一个坐标点位，即没有同名点，，可以利用在点云模型中提取变形轮廓线，利用插值的方法拟合函数进行曲线重建，这样从整体到局部的变形体变形值就可以获得,并且能通过测量精度的误差传递给出精度。最后根据相关理论和实验，我们给出了被监测对象的点、线、面的变形情况以及对发展趋势做了预测。
[Abstract]:With the rapid progress of laser scanning technology in the field of surveying and mapping, and the construction of national infrastructure is booming, high-end three-dimensional laser scanning equipment has gradually entered the line of sight of ordinary people. Three-dimensional laser scanning measurement technology has profoundly changed the development of our life and mapping field. As a new technology developed in recent years, three-dimensional laser measurement technology is convenient and fast with high precision. The density method and contactless form to obtain the 3D point cloud data of the ground research object, which makes the application field of 3D laser scanning technology on the ground deep into the engineering measurement. Deformation monitoring and other fields of surveying and mapping branches. Deformation monitoring is a long and repeated survey of the point movement and shape change of the whole crust and small or small engineering structures (or structures). It has made a great contribution to the national economy and people's livelihood. With the 3D laser scanning technology began to step into the field of deformation monitoring, a new technical method. Data processing and analysis methods must follow, how to use this advanced measurement technology to do deformation monitoring, is to be further studied, therefore, the three-dimensional laser scanning technology is introduced into the deformation monitoring field. It has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the significance, current situation, advantages and disadvantages and development trend of the application of 3D laser scanning technology to deformation monitoring based on ground are described, and then the basic concepts and monitoring methods of deformation monitoring are introduced respectively. The principle, characteristics and development of data processing and analysis method and 3D laser scanning measurement. The characteristics and data processing methods of acquiring point cloud data are introduced in detail. Although 3D laser scanning technology can reflect the whole appearance of scanning deformable body. However, we can not find the same coordinate point between the two periods of data, that is, there is no point of the same name, we can use the point cloud model to extract the deformed contour, and use the interpolation method to fit the curve to reconstruct the curve. In this way, the deformation values from the whole to the local can be obtained, and the accuracy can be obtained by the error transfer of the measurement accuracy. Finally, according to the relevant theory and experiment, we give the points and lines of the monitored object. The deformation of the plane and the trend of development are forecasted.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P225.2;P227;TU196.1

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