气凝胶超级绝热材料的快速制备及其建筑节能应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 18:55

本文关键词： 建筑节能隔热保温气凝胶一步溶剂置换-表面改性玻璃　出处：《广州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：SiO_2气凝胶材料具有轻质多孔、超低导热系数和超疏水等特点，作为隔热保温材料在建筑、工业等领域具有重要的研究和发展应用价值。本文以SiO_2气凝胶超级绝热材料的快速制备方法及其建筑节能应用为目标，研究基于一步溶胶置换-表面改性快速处理与低成本常压干燥的气凝胶超级绝热材料快速制备方法，采用单因素和正交实验等实验设计方法，研究气凝胶制备工艺参数的影响机制和优化方法，并分析气凝胶在建筑玻璃等方面的建筑节能应用效果。采用单因素实验方法研究了气凝胶溶胶-凝胶、溶剂置换、表面改性等工艺参数影响，初步确定了气凝胶材料的制备工艺参数范围；通过四因素三水平正交实验设计，对水解时间、老化液体积比、改性时间、改性剂浓度等关键工艺参数进行了优化。实验结果表明在水解时间为12h、老化液体积比为1:4、改性时间为72h、改性剂浓度为10%的制备工艺参数条件下，可获得隔热和疏水性能优化的块状气凝胶材料，其导热系数和疏水角分别为0.018W/（m·K）和153.6°，具有超级绝热和超疏水性能，且该制备流程周期相比常规制备工艺可缩短一半。采用遮阳系数仪实验测试了气凝胶超级绝热材料的红外透射曲线，其可见光透过率和遮阳系数分别为64.2%和0.87；把实验制备的块状气凝胶材料作为夹层填充到双层玻璃中制成气凝胶夹层玻璃，实验测试了气凝胶夹层玻璃的红外透射曲线和传热系数，结果表明其可见光透过率和太阳光直接透射率分别为43.2%和40%，遮阳系数和传热系数分别为0.66和1.2W/（m2·K），具有较好的透光隔热保温性能。采用VE模拟软件计算了气凝胶夹层玻璃的建筑能耗，，计算结果表明与普通玻璃、Low-E玻璃和中空玻璃等相比，气凝胶夹层玻璃的外窗传热负荷分别降低75%、63%和58%，在采暖为主的寒冷地区，采用气凝胶夹层玻璃后全年建筑空调节能率可达18%，具有明显的建筑节能效果。
[Abstract]:SiO_2 aerogel material has the characteristics of ultra light porous, low thermal conductivity and super hydrophobic, as thermal insulation materials in buildings, has an important research value for application and development of industry and other fields. With rapid SiO_2 aerogel super thermal insulation material in the preparation and application of building energy saving as the goal, the research step sol - replacement the surface modification of the rapid processing of aerogel super insulation materials with low cost and rapid preparation of atmospheric pressure drying method based on using single factor and orthogonal experiment design method, the influence mechanism and optimization method of process parameters on Preparation of aerogels, and analysis of aerogel in architectural glass and other aspects of the building energy saving effect.
Study on the aerogel sol gel, using the single factor experiment method of solvent replacement, surface modification effects of process parameters, determined the range of process parameters for preparation of aerogel materials; by four factors and three levels orthogonal experiment design, the hydrolysis time, aging liquid volume ratio, modification time, modification concentration etc. the key process parameters were optimized. The experimental results show that the 12h of hydrolysis time, aging liquid volume ratio is 1:4, the modified time is 72h, the concentration of modification process parameters for the 10% business conditions can be obtained and the performance optimization of the heat insulation hydrophobic aerogel material, its thermal conductivity and hydrophobic angle respectively. 0.018W/ (m - K) and 153.6 degrees, with super adiabatic and super hydrophobic properties, and the preparation process cycle compared with the conventional preparation process can be shortened by half.
Infrared transmittance curve of aerogel super thermal insulation material was tested by shading coefficient instrument experiment, the visible light transmittance and shading coefficient were 64.2% and 0.87; the aerogel materials prepared in the experiment as a sandwich filling to made of aerogel laminated glass double-layer glass, experimental aerogel laminated glass and infrared transmittance curve the heat transfer coefficient of the test, the results show that the transmittance of visible light and solar direct transmittance were 43.2% and 40%, shading coefficient and heat transfer coefficient were 0.66 and 1.2W/ (M2 - K), with good thermal insulation performance to translucent insulation.
The simulation software of VE aerogel laminated glass to calculate the building energy consumption, the calculation results show that compared with ordinary glass, Low-E glass and insulating glass windows, heat load of aerogel laminated glass were decreased by 75%, 63% and 58%, in the cold area heating, the aerogel laminated glass after the annual building energy-saving rate up to 18%, the building has obvious energy saving effect.

【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU551

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