节能门窗的材料性能、热工计算及模拟研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 19:34

本文关键词： 建筑节能门窗热工性能建筑能耗模拟计算　出处：《浙江大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：门窗作为建筑结构中不可缺少的部件,是室内与室外联系的重要组成部分,同时也是建筑节能中的薄弱环节,通过门窗损失的能量约占建筑围护部件总能耗的40%～50%。因此针对节能门窗材料与各项性能的研究对建筑节能具有重要意义。本文在综合论述了目前我国建筑门窗的发展、研究现状的基础上,从实际检测、理论计算、模拟计算的角度对节能门窗的材料性能、热工理论计算及模拟进行研究,并采用建筑能耗模拟软件,结合门窗热工性能计算结果,研究门窗热工性能对建筑能耗的影响,为节能门窗的研究及应用奠定重要理论基础。主要研究内容以及结论如下分别对集成松木、集成柞木、集成竹材进行耐候性以及力学性能研究,研究结果显示集成松木、集成柞木与集成竹木在盐雾环境下均易发生严重霉变和膨胀。当集成松木与集成柞木的纹理方向与受力方向一致时,抗弯强度达到最大；集成竹材作为新型门窗材料,抗弯强度优于集成松木,且不受纹理方向影响。制作了纯木节能门窗、断桥铝合金节能门窗、木包铝门窗、铝包木门窗、塑钢门窗等典型节能门窗系列的标准样窗,对其保温性能、水密性、气密性以及抗风压性进行了研究,结果显示各系列节能门窗均有良好的使用性能以及优异的节能保温性能。根据相关标准和算法,计算中空玻璃系统以及整窗系统的传热系数,计算结果表明采用Low-E玻璃以及充入惰性气体,均可使中空玻璃系统传热系数显著降低。填充空气时普通中空玻璃与Low-E中空玻璃传热系数分别为2.70W/(m2·K)和1.86W/(m2·K)；填充氩气时,二者传热系数分别降至2.60W/(m2·K)和1.54W/(m2·K)。玻璃种类与窗框材质均对门窗保温性能具有重要影响。使用THERM和WINDOW软件,对中空玻璃系统、窗框以及整窗热工性能进行模拟计算,研究气体间隔层厚度以及充入惰性气体对中空玻璃传热系数、太阳得热系数以及可见光透过率的影响。计算结果显示气体间隔层厚度以及充入惰性气体对中空玻璃传热系数均有明显影响,对太阳得热系数与可见光透过率影响不大,空气间隔层厚度为12mm时,传热系数最小。对比研究了中空玻璃系统充入空气、氩气、氪气、氙气等条件下,传热系数、太阳得热系数以及可见光透过率的变化规律。几类典型节能门窗传热系数的实际检测、理论计算以及模拟计算结果表明：各种理论及模拟计算的结果与实际检测结果基本一致,为节能门窗的设计提供了重要理论依据。结合门窗模拟结果,利用建筑能耗模拟软件DeST-c,分析了在我国严寒地区、寒冷地区、夏热冬冷地区、温和地区以及夏热冬暖地区气候条件下,建筑模型装配不同材质节能门窗时的制冷能耗、采暖能耗以及全年总能耗。结果表明对于各地区采暖能耗,窗框系统的保温性能发挥更为显著的影响；而玻璃种类对各地区制冷能耗具有更重要的意义。
[Abstract]:As an indispensable part of building structure, door and window is an important part of indoor and outdoor connection, and also a weak link in building energy saving. The energy lost by windows and doors accounts for about 40% of the total energy consumption of building envelope parts. Therefore, the research on the materials and properties of energy saving doors and windows is of great significance to building energy conservation. This paper comprehensively discusses the development of building doors and windows in China at present. On the basis of the research status, the material performance, thermal theory calculation and simulation of energy saving doors and windows are studied from the point of view of actual inspection, theoretical calculation and simulation calculation, and the building energy consumption simulation software is used to combine the results of thermal performance calculation of windows and doors. The influence of thermal properties of windows and doors on building energy consumption is studied, which lays an important theoretical foundation for the research and application of energy saving doors and windows. The main contents and conclusions are as follows. The weathering and mechanical properties of integrated pine, integrated tussah and integrated bamboo were studied respectively. Both integrated oak and integrated bamboo are prone to severe mildew and expansion in salt mist environment. When the texture direction and stress direction of integrated pine and integrated oak are the same, the bending strength of integrated oak and integrated bamboo is the highest, and integrated bamboo is a new type of door and window material. The flexural strength is superior to the integrated pine and is not affected by the texture direction. The standard sample windows for typical energy-saving windows and doors such as pure wood energy saving doors and windows, broken bridge aluminum alloy energy saving windows and doors and windows, wood wrapped aluminum doors and windows, aluminum wrapped wood doors and windows, plastic steel windows and doors and windows were made, and their heat preservation performance, watertightness, etc. The air tightness and wind pressure resistance are studied. The results show that each series of energy saving doors and windows have good performance in use and excellent performance of energy saving and heat preservation. According to the relevant standards and algorithms, the heat transfer coefficients of the hollow glass system and the whole window system are calculated. The results show that the Low-E glass and the inert gas are used. The heat transfer coefficient of ordinary hollow glass and Low-E hollow glass is 2.70 W / m ~ 2 路K ~ (2) and 1.86 W / m ~ (2) 路K ~ (2) when air is filled with argon, respectively. The heat transfer coefficient decreased to 2.60 W / m ~ 2 路K) and 1.54 W / m ~ 2 路K ~ (2 路K) respectively. The type of glass and the material of window frame have important influence on the thermal insulation performance of windows and doors. The thermal properties of hollow glass system, window frame and whole window were simulated and calculated by THERM and WINDOW software. The thickness of gas spacer and the heat transfer coefficient of hollow glass filled with inert gas were studied. The results show that the thickness of gas spacer layer and the filling of inert gas have obvious effects on the heat transfer coefficient of hollow glass, but have little effect on the solar heat gain coefficient and visible light transmittance. The heat transfer coefficient is the smallest when the thickness of air spacer is 12mm. The variation of heat transfer coefficient, solar heat coefficient and visible light transmittance of hollow glass system filled with air, argon, Krypton and xenon are studied. The experimental results of heat transfer coefficient of several typical energy-saving windows and doors show that: the results of various theories and simulation calculations are basically consistent with the actual test results, which provides an important theoretical basis for the design of energy-saving windows and doors. Combined with the simulation results of windows and doors, using the building energy consumption simulation software DeST-c, this paper analyzes the climate conditions in cold, cold, hot summer and cold winter regions, mild areas and hot summer and warm winter regions in China. The cooling energy consumption, heating energy consumption and the total energy consumption of the whole year when the building model is assembled with different materials and energy saving doors and windows, the results show that the heat preservation performance of window frame system plays a more significant role in the energy consumption of heating in different regions. The type of glass has more important significance to the energy consumption of refrigeration in different regions.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU228;TU111.195

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