住区空间形态对于交通污染物扩散影响的数值模拟研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 10:00

本文关键词： 住区空间形态污染物扩散交通干道城市形态学指标数值模拟　出处：《华中科技大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代社会，能源和健康问题成为关注的主题。近年来，随着城市化快速发展，以及人们生活水平的提高，城市中机动车数量大幅增加，使得城市干道周边机动车尾气导致的污染现象严重，与此同时，城市的过度开发也导致城市内部建筑密集，自然通风不畅，无法将污染物质有效地扩散出去。而在与人们生活密切相关的住区建筑设计中，开发商大多考虑的是容积率以及建筑体型的美观，并未从住区整体形态对污染物扩散途径影响的角度考虑建筑设计。基于上述情况，本研究以武汉地区气候为背景，把污染物扩散作为切入点，引入对住区空间形态进行定量化描述的城市形态学指标，结合计算流体力学（CFD）的方法，探讨住区空间形态与交通干道污染物扩散状况之间的相互关系，研究有利于污染物扩散的住区空间形态及相应的设计策略。本文首先梳理了国内外关于住区形态与自然通风的关系、污染物扩散相关技术研究，接下来运用CFD技术进行建模，将已发表污染物扩散结果同模拟研究结果对比，验证了模拟方法的可靠性。然后采用皱褶率、孔隙率等城市形态学指标及简化住区模型，针对住区建筑不同形态的污染物扩散模拟结果进行比较分析，得出不同皱褶率、孔隙率及平面形式下住区污染物浓度分布状况的规律，探讨住区空间形态与污染物扩散状况之间的相互关系。结果显示相对皱褶率的增大对于降低住区污染物浓度确有显著的积极作用。沿主导风向逐渐升高的住区形态有利于减小其内部污染物浓度。而孔隙率在不同平面形式和不同风向下，其住区内部污染物浓度分布的关系各不相同。文章最后结合实际工程案例来验证设计策略的有效性，，对整个工作进行总结，提出若干未来相关研究的发展方向。
[Abstract]:In modern society, energy and health issues become the focus of the topic. In recent years, with the rapid development of the city, and the improvement of people's living standard, the number of motor vehicles in the city increased sharply, pollution phenomenon makes the city roads surrounding the vehicle exhaust caused serious, and at the same time, the excessive development of the city also lead to inner city buildings and natural poor ventilation, pollution cannot be effectively spread out. And the architectural design of residential area is closely related with people in life, most developers consider the volume and shape of the building appearance, not from residential architectural design to consider the overall shape of the pollutant diffusion way influence angle.
Based on the above, in the context of climate in Wuhan, the diffusion of pollutants as a starting point, introducing city morphology index quantitative description of residential space form, combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to investigate the residential space form and the relationship between dry road traffic pollutant diffusion status, research conducive to the spread of pollutants in residential space form and the corresponding design strategies.
This paper first analyzes the relationship of residential morphology and natural ventilation at home and abroad, research on technology diffusion of pollutants, then modeling using CFD technology, will be published with the results of simulation of pollutant diffusion results verified the reliability of the simulation method. Then the crease rate, porosity and morphology index simplified residential city model. According to the different forms of building living pollutant diffusion simulation results obtained in different folds rate, the porosity and the plane form of residential district pollutant concentration distribution law, explore the residential space form and the relationship between the status of pollutant diffusion.
The results showed that the relative rate of eyefold increases for positive effect is concentration reduced to live area. Pollutants significantly increased gradually along the dominant direction of residential morphology is conducive to reducing the internal concentration of pollutants. But the porosity in the form of different levels and different wind conditions, its internal relations of pollutant concentration distribution in residential area at the end of this paper to vary. To verify the validity of the design method combined with the actual engineering case, the whole work is summarized and put forward the development direction of future research.

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X73;TU984.12

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