基于数字地球平台的城市地下空间信息管理与可视化

发布时间：2018-03-24 14:21

本文选题：城市地下空间信息　切入点：数字地球　出处：《华东师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着地下管线、地下构筑物等城市地下空间基础设施的规模和密度的增大,现代城市的规划建设工作对地理空间对象的精确性和可视性提出了更高的要求,有效的管理并充分利用以地质钻孔、地下管线和地下构筑物为代表的地下空间信息对现代城市的规划建设工作显得极为重要。目前,由于缺乏统一的数据组织标准和有效的信息共享机制,给残缺不全且散落分布的城市地下空间信息的管理和利用增加了难度。另外,传统的纸质地图或二维电子地图无法精确、直观地描述城市地下空间对象的空间位置关系,不能满足现代城市规划建设对位置精度的要求。因此,高效的组织和管理城市地下空问数据并充分利用这些数据重现城市地下空间对象,实现城市地下空间的信息化和可视化,是现代城市信息化建设中的一项重要而紧迫的任务。以Google Earth为代表的数字地球平台的出现以及KML地理信息编码标准的确立改变了地理空间信息的服务模式,开创了地理空间信息交换、共享和可视化的新局面,也为实现城市地下空间的信息化和可视化提供了一条新的途径。本文从城市地下空间信息的高效管理和快速可视化的角度出发,研究以地质钻孔、地下管线、地下构筑物为代表的城市地下空间信息和以航空影像为代表的城市地表信息的组织与管理方法,提出基于数字地球平台的城市地下空间对象的三维模拟与可视化方法,设计并实现“地下空间信息三维可视化管理系统”。在研究过程中,主要完成了以下工作： (1)介绍了城市地下空间信息三维模拟与可视化、数字地球和GIS等技术的总体概况,总结了城市地下空间信息管理和可视化的一般方法,分析了数字地球平台的研究与应用现状,确立了论文的研究目标、研究内容和论文的组织结构。 (2)介绍了论文选取的典型研究区(上海市)的自然地理背景、社会经济状况、区域地质概况和地下空间开发利用情况。 (3)详细介绍了以Google Earth为代表的数字地球平台及其地理数据交换格式——KML,阐述了使用HTML设计Google Earth地标描述气泡框的方法。 (4)研究了地质钻孔、地下管线和地下构筑物的数据组织标准,设计了相应的数据库存储结构。 (5)研究了城市地下空间信息的数据模型,提出了基于数字地球平台的地下空间对象的三维可视化方法,重点论述了地质钻孔在数字地球平台上的三维模拟与可视化方法,通过研究区的实际钻孔数据验证了这些方法的有效性和实用性。 (6)为了揭示城市地下空间信息与地表地物之间的空间关联关系,研究了高分辨率航空影像在数字地球平台上的快速显示方法。 (7)利用VC++调用Google Earth API设计开发了一个“地下空间信息三维可视化管理系统”,集成了地下空间信息管理、空间坐标转换、KML格式数据转换、地下空间对象可视化、属性数据与几何数据交互查询以及数据发布与共享等功能。
[Abstract]:With the increase of the size and density of underground pipelines, underground structures such as city underground space infrastructure, put forward higher requirements of modern city planning and construction work of the accuracy and visibility of geographic space objects, effective management and make full use of the geological drilling, underground space information under ground pipelines and underground structures on behalf of the planning and construction of modern city is very important. At present, due to the lack of unified standard of data organization and effective information sharing mechanism, and utilization of city underground space information to incomplete and scattered management more difficult. In addition, the traditional paper map or two-dimensional electronic map can not accurately describe. The spatial relationship of city underground space objects, can not meet the requirement of modern city planning and construction of the position accuracy requirements. Therefore, efficient organization and management of the city Underground space data and make full use of these data to reproduce the city underground space, realize the informatization and visualization of city underground space, is an important and urgent task of modern city informatization construction. The establishment of digital earth platform with Google Earth as the representative of the appearance and KML geographic information encoding standard changed geographic information the service model, creating a new situation of geospatial information exchange, sharing and visualization, but also provides a new way for the informatization and visualization of city underground space.
This paper from the efficient management of city underground space information and rapid visual angle, research on geological drilling, underground pipelines, underground space and city information from aerial images as the representative of the city surface information organization and management methods of underground structures as the representative of the proposed 3D simulation and visualization of city underground space object digital earth platform based on the design and implementation of the "underground space information visualization management system. In the course of the study, mainly completed the following work:
(1) the city underground space information for 3D modeling and visualization, the general situation of digital earth and GIS technology, summarizes the general methods of city underground space information management and visualization, analyzes the present situation of research and application of digital earth platform, establishes the research goal, research content and organizational structure of the thesis.
(2) the natural geographical background, social and economic situation, the general situation of regional geology and the development and utilization of underground space are introduced in the typical study area (Shanghai city).
(3) in detail, the digital earth platform represented by Google Earth and its geographic data exchange format KML are introduced in detail, and the way to design bubble map using HTML to design Google Earth landmarks is expounded.
(4) the data organization standards of geological boreholes, underground pipelines and underground structures are studied, and the corresponding database storage structure is designed.
(5) data model of city underground space information, put forward the method of 3D visualization of underground space objects based on digital earth platform, focuses on the 3D simulation and visualization in digital earth platform on geological drilling, by studying the actual drilling data verify the validity and practicability of these methods.
(6) in order to reveal the spatial correlation between urban underground space information and surface objects, a fast display method of high-resolution aerial images on the digital earth platform is studied.
(7) using VC++ Earth API calls the Google design and development of a "underground space information visualization management system, integrated information management of underground space, space coordinate conversion, KML format, data conversion, spatial visualization function, interactive query of attribute data and geometry data exchange and data publishing and sharing.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;TU984.113

【参考文献】