基于以太网远程抄表系统的研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 18:48

本文选题：以太网远程抄表　切入点：短距离射频通信　出处：《南京林业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着自来水供水部门对“一户一表”工程改造的推进，以及自动化应用越来越广泛，远程抄表系统已经成为自来水自动化管理不可缺少的组成部分。它不仅可以缓解抄表人员的劳动强度，降低人为因素造成的抄表差错，而且具有抄收速度快、实时性好等优势。本课题面向办公楼宇和智能小区，利用其丰富的网络资源，结合当前的网络技术和短距离射频通信技术，研究并设计了一种基于以太网传输的远程抄表系统，解决了复杂环境下的布线难题，对于自动抄表领域在今后的研究与发展有一定的指导意义。本文介绍了远程抄表系统设计的技术要求，分析了水量信号的转换方式，选用了基于脉冲发讯式的水流量传感器；通过比较各种通信方式的优缺点，引入短距离射频技术和以太网通信技术，建立了由智能水表、集中装置以及服务器主站组成的远程抄表系统。智能水表主要负责前端水量的采集和射频收发。集中装置作为连接射频网络与以太网的网关，依据系统需求，对TCP/IP协议栈进行了筛选与精简，完成了相应协议的移植，主要包括ARP协议、IP协议和TCP协议。为了避免射频收发过程中同频段其他信号的干扰，结合nRF24L01具有125个可选工作频道的特点，提出了一种跳频机制，以提高系统的抗干扰能力。服务器主站采用B/S/S结构，在WAMP5集成开发环境下，利用PHP动态网页开发技术，创建Web服务器和数据库，，最终实现Web浏览器与数据库间的交互。根据以太网远程抄表系统的功能要求，设计了系统的硬件电路，包括MSP430最小系统电路、水量信息采集电路、射频通信电路、以太网通信电路、实时时钟电路、数据存储电路、显示电路以及电源电路等，并基于硬件电路设计了相应的软件程序。最终对以太网远程抄表系统进行各模块测试及整体联机测试，测试结果表明：系统能够准确采集水流量，无线传输和以太网通信稳定可靠，整个系统的运行效果良好，达到课题的设计要求。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of the "one household, one meter" project by the water supply department, and the application of automation is becoming more and more extensive. Remote meter reading system has become an indispensable part of automatic management of tap water. It can not only alleviate the labor intensity of meter reader, but also reduce the error caused by human factors. In this paper, a remote meter reading system based on Ethernet transmission is studied and designed, which is oriented to office buildings and intelligent communities, using its abundant network resources, combined with current network technology and short distance radio frequency communication technology. It solves the problem of routing in complex environment and has certain guiding significance for the research and development of automatic meter reading in the future. This paper introduces the technical requirements of the design of remote meter reading system, analyzes the conversion mode of water signal, selects the water flow sensor based on pulse signal, compares the advantages and disadvantages of various communication modes, By introducing short distance radio frequency technology and Ethernet communication technology, the intelligent water meter, The intelligent water meter is mainly responsible for the front-end water collection and RF transceiver. As the gateway between RF network and Ethernet, the centralized device acts as the gateway to connect the RF network and Ethernet, according to the system requirements, the intelligent water meter is mainly responsible for collecting the front-end water quantity and receiving and receiving radio frequency. The TCP/IP protocol stack is selected and simplified, and the corresponding protocols are transplanted, including ARP protocol IP protocol and TCP protocol, in order to avoid interference of other signals in the same frequency band during RF transceiver. According to the characteristics of nRF24L01 with 125 optional working channels, a frequency hopping mechanism is proposed to improve the anti-jamming ability of the system. The server master station adopts the B/S/S structure, and under the WAMP5 integrated development environment, it uses the PHP dynamic web page development technology. Create Web server and database, and finally realize the interaction between Web browser and database. According to the functional requirements of Ethernet remote meter reading system, the hardware circuit of the system is designed, including MSP430 minimum system circuit, water information acquisition circuit, RF communication circuit, Ethernet communication circuit, real-time clock circuit, data storage circuit. The display circuit and the power supply circuit, and the corresponding software program based on the hardware circuit are designed. Finally, each module and the whole on-line test of the Ethernet remote meter reading system are tested. The test results show that the system can accurately collect the water flow. Wireless transmission and Ethernet communication are stable and reliable.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU991.62;TP274

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