住区儿童友好型开放空间及其评价体系研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 23:29

本文选题：住区 + 开放空间　；参考：《浙江大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：对于城市住区中的居民来说,住区户外空间使用频率最高的群体是儿童和老年人,并且老年人往往是作为儿童陪护者出现的。这就要求住区开放空间的规划设计要从相当程度上重视儿童使用者的心理需求和环境行为。通过对儿童环境心理和环境行为的详细分析,可以明确儿童与一般成年使用者的户外活动有较大差异,主要包括儿童户外活动的尺度特殊性、季节时间性、性别年龄排他性和自我中心性等方面。基于这些特性分析,本文提出住区开放空间的构建应从“儿童友好型”四大标准入手,即可达性、安全性、舒适性和多功能性。在对具体开放空间整体质量进行科学、具体的量化评价时,可以采用“儿童友好度”评价体系,该体系以住区常见开放空间形式—公园绿地、广场、商业街为典型空间形态,通过对开放空间景观组成要素的分析整合,提取了可达性、安全性、舒适性、多功能性四大维度的三十项详细评价因素。将这些评价因素整合设计成预调查问卷,在大关公园进行实地试用,以试用结果和开放性问题反馈信息为依据,对原评价因素调整优化,构建了评价体系基本框架。接着将各层评价因素在单一准则下两两成对比较,向15位专家系统征询,得出所有成对比较的赋分矩阵,应用层次分析法(AHP)计算评价因素的权重值,并对赋分矩阵进行了一致性检验。结果显示,所有赋分矩阵的CR值均小于O.1,满足评判一致性要求,所得权重值合理有效,与评价项目基本框架共同构成完善的儿童友好度评价体系。为检验该评价体系的适用性,在杭州市选取了住区公园、住区小广场、住区商业街型开放空间各一例,设计问卷进行实地调查,用模糊综合评价法(FCE)处理所得数据,得出各开放空间案例的儿童友好度评价结果。经过与行为观察和深度访谈的对照,证明这个评价体系基本能够涵盖住区开放空间与儿童户外活动相关的所有因素,并能够比较准确地评价实际案例的整体质量。该评价体系还可以经过反模糊处理运用于住区开放空间平行方案的筛选评标过程,仍有待进一步的研究和发展。
[Abstract]:For the residents of urban settlements, children and the elderly are the most frequent users of outdoor space in the residential areas, and the elderly often appear as child chaperones.Therefore, the planning and design of open space in residential areas should pay attention to the psychological needs and environmental behaviors of child users.Through the detailed analysis of children's environmental psychology and environmental behavior, it is clear that there are great differences in outdoor activities between children and the general adult users, mainly including the scale particularity of children's outdoor activities and the seasonal time.Gender, age, exclusiveness and self-centeredness.Based on the analysis of these characteristics, this paper puts forward that the construction of open space in residential area should be based on the four standards of "child-friendly", namely accessibility, safety, comfort and versatility.In the scientific and quantitative evaluation of the overall quality of the concrete open space, the evaluation system of "children's friendliness" can be adopted, which takes the common open space forms of residential areas-park green space, square and commercial street as typical spatial forms.Through the analysis and integration of the elements of open space landscape, thirty detailed evaluation factors were extracted from four dimensions of accessibility, security, comfort and versatility.These evaluation factors are integrated into a pre-survey questionnaire and used in the field in Daguan Park. Based on the trial results and the feedback information of open questions, the basic framework of the evaluation system is constructed by adjusting and optimizing the original evaluation factors.Then, the evaluation factors of each layer are compared in two or two pairs under a single criterion, and 15 expert systems are consulted, and all pairs of comparative score matrices are obtained, and the weight value of the evaluation factors is calculated by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP).The consistency of the graded matrix is verified.The results showed that the CR values of all graded matrices were less than 0.1, which met the requirements of consistency of evaluation, and the weights obtained were reasonable and effective. Together with the basic framework of evaluation items, the evaluation system of child friendliness was formed.In order to test the applicability of the evaluation system, an example of open space of residential park, small square and commercial street in Hangzhou was selected, and a questionnaire was designed to carry out field investigation, and the data was processed by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCE).The results of child friendliness evaluation of open space cases are obtained.By comparing with behavioral observation and in-depth interviews, it is proved that the evaluation system can basically cover all the factors related to children's outdoor activities in the open space in residential areas, and can accurately evaluate the overall quality of actual cases.The evaluation system can also be applied to the selection and evaluation process of parallel schemes in open space of residential area through anti-fuzzy processing, which still needs further research and development.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.12

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