煤矸石烧结空心砌块热工与力学性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 19:47

本文选题：建筑节能 + 煤矸石空心砌块　；参考：《安徽建筑大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着能源环境的不断恶化，建筑面积不断的增长，建筑能耗越来越成为经济、社会发展的瓶颈。有研究表明通过围护结构耗散的能量占建筑总能耗的1/3以上，是建筑节能工作应关注的重点。国外的砌块类墙材起步早、发展快，相比国内同类型或同材质砌块在热工参数方面有较大的领先。国外针对砌块的研究集中在如何提高其保温隔热性能方面，通常采取的方法是对研制空心砌块并利用有限元软件为工具进行热工参数的数值计算。从利废、节能的角度出发，文章对现有煤矸石烧结空心砌块热工性能进行研究并提出一定的改进方法。文章以190mm煤矸石烧结空心砌块墙体与240mm粘土实心砖墙体为研究对象，进行实验测量。测得两种墙体的传热系数分别为2.09W/(m~2·K）与2.70W/(m~2·K)。同时引入参数“质量相关总热效率”来同时衡量墙体在轻质、高热阻两个方面的综合性能，凸显出煤矸石烧结空心砌块相比传统砌块的优势。利用有限元软件NX I-DEAS对墙体进行了模拟计算，得出该软件在计算墙体热工参数方面的精度满足要求的结论。随后基于该软件对设计的18种孔洞排列数的煤矸石烧结空心砌块模型进行传热系数的计算。再辅以力学分析，最终选定单排六列的孔洞排列数最优的排列配置。计算出的传热系数1.72W/(m~2·K)，比实验中使用的两排三列砌块在传热系数上降低了19.62%，有较大的提高。针对选定的单排六孔煤矸石烧结空心砌块，讨论在填充保温材料的几种方式上砌块热工参数的变化规律。通过对填充位置、填充率、填充材料导热系数等几个方面的讨论，得出填充材料导热系数是影响砌块传热系数的主要因素，并选定聚氨酯为最优填充材料，，使得砌块传热系数进一步降低至1.55W/(m~2·K)。对改进后的砌块与不同导热系数砂浆配合砌筑的墙体热工表现进行分析。指出墙体中不可忽视的“热桥”效应的影响。改进后的砌块仅在与导热系数不大于0.37W/(m·K)的砂浆配合时，墙体的传热系数才能满足夏热冬冷地区围护结构在传热系数方面的要求。在结论与展望中详细的阐述了文中研究成果，并指出了文中的不足之处。对于空心砌块类墙材的研究要结合数值模拟和实验比对，才能更好的控制数据的准确性，真正达到降低维护结构传热系数的目的
[Abstract]:With the continuous deterioration of energy environment and the continuous growth of building area, building energy consumption has become the bottleneck of economic and social development. Some studies show that the energy dissipation through the enclosure structure accounts for more than one third of the total building energy consumption, which is the focus of building energy conservation work. The wall materials of block type abroad started early and developed rapidly. Compared with the same type or the same material block in China, it has a great lead in thermal parameters. The research abroad focuses on how to improve the thermal insulation performance of block. The usual method is to develop hollow block and use finite element software as a tool to carry out the numerical calculation of thermal parameters. From the point of view of waste benefit and energy saving, this paper studies the thermal performance of existing coal gangue sintered hollow block and puts forward some improvement methods. In this paper, 190mm gangue sintered hollow block wall and 240mm clay solid brick wall are taken as research objects. The heat transfer coefficients of the two kinds of walls are 2.09W/(m~2 K and 2.70W/(m~2 K respectively. At the same time, the parameter "quality correlation total thermal efficiency" is introduced to measure the comprehensive performance of the wall in light weight and high thermal resistance simultaneously, which highlights the advantages of coal gangue sintered hollow block compared with traditional block. The finite element software NX I-DEAS is used to simulate and calculate the wall, and the conclusion is drawn that the accuracy of the software in calculating the thermal parameters of the wall meets the requirements. Based on the software, the heat transfer coefficient of the coal gangue sintered hollow block model with 18 kinds of holes arranged is calculated. Finally, the optimal arrangement of the number of holes arranged in six rows of single rows is selected with the help of mechanical analysis. The calculated heat transfer coefficient (1.72W/(m~2) is 19.62% lower than that of the two rows and three rows of blocks used in the experiment. According to the single row six hole coal gangue sintered hollow block, the variation rule of block thermal parameters in several ways of filling insulation material is discussed. Through the discussion of filling position, filling rate and thermal conductivity of filling material, it is concluded that the thermal conductivity of filling material is the main factor that affects the heat transfer coefficient of block, and polyurethane is selected as the best filling material. The heat transfer coefficient of block is further reduced to 1.55W/(m~2 Ke. The thermal performance of the improved masonry block combined with mortar with different thermal conductivity is analyzed. The influence of "hot bridge" effect which can not be ignored in the wall is pointed out. Only when the improved block is matched with mortar whose thermal conductivity is not greater than 0.37W/(m K, the heat transfer coefficient of wall can meet the requirement of heat transfer coefficient of enclosure structure in hot summer and cold winter area. In conclusion and prospect, the research results of this paper are described in detail, and the shortcomings of the paper are pointed out. The research of hollow block wall material should be combined with numerical simulation and experimental comparison in order to control the accuracy of the data better and achieve the goal of reducing the heat transfer coefficient of maintenance structure.
【学位授予单位】：安徽建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU522.3

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