基于园林生态效益的圆明园公园游憩机会谱构建研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 22:22

本文选题：生态效益 + 游憩机会谱　；参考：《北京林业大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：休闲游憩是现代城市居民重要生活方式,城市公园是城市居民日常进行游憩活动的主要区域,科学引导游人合理地使用城市公园一直是现代城市公园管理者与学术界关注的问题。本研究于2009年至2011年,对圆明园公园绿地生态效益与环境质量进行了实地监测,分析了圆明园公园园林环境的游憩适宜性,并对公园游人的游憩行为进行了调查,总结了游人对公园的使用特征,将游人的游憩需求与公园适游空间相匹配,构建了圆明园公园游憩机会谱,并探讨了公园游憩机会谱在游憩行为引导方面的作用。通过研究,得出了以下主要结论： (1)圆明园公园具有较高园林生态效益水平。公园绿地形成了明显的小气候特征,尤其在春、夏、秋三季植物的增湿降温效益明显,使得公园在湿热条件方面优于城区环境；圆明园公园植物群落具有降低空气悬浮颗粒物浓度的显著作用,尤其是乔灌草型、乔灌型、乔灌结合水面型植物群落的阻滞粉尘效果最佳,公园植物夏季滞尘能力较强；公园绿地环境表现较强的抑菌效应,乔木为主体的植物群落微生物含量相对较低,而结构复杂、密植、郁闭高的植物群落中含菌量相对较高；公园绿地具有显著的降噪能力,植物群落结构特征、郁闭度、群落宽度、噪声源特征等因子是决定绿地降噪效应的主要影响因子；公园绿地空气负离子保持在较高水平,绿量越大、植被的郁闭度越高、越靠近水体的场所空气负离子效应越显著。圆明园公园园林环境具有良好的生态效益,为公园创造宜游空间奠定了坚实基础。 (2)良好的生态效益发挥提升了圆明园公园园林环境游憩适宜性水平。研究从自然、社会、美学三个方面对圆明园公园园林环境的游憩适宜性进行了全面评估,结果显示：春、秋两季是圆明园公园小气候适宜游憩时期；公园绿地微生物含量在全年中处于“非常适宜”或“很适宜”游憩水平；从空气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)水平来看,圆明园公园夏季宜游而秋冬两季不宜游,公园中近水空间比非亲水空间更适宜开展游憩活动；公园五月至十一月份具有良好的空气负离子效应,尤其夏季空气负离子水平非常适宜户外游憩活动；公园夏季(七月份除外)声环境质量较高,以乔木为主体的乔灌草型、乔灌型复层植物群落内适宜开展安静型游憩活动；园林植被盖度、绿地可进入条件、山水组合意境、景观亲水程度、园林建筑与环境的和谐程度和文化遗存的价值高低决定了圆明园公园各场所的园林景观美景度的差异。 (3)圆明园公园游人参与的游憩活动内容可划分为运动类、观光类、休闲类和主题类等4种类型,激发圆明园公园游人游憩动机的主要因素是园林环境和园林文化,公园的小气候特征、绿色空间构成形式、园林建筑与文化遗址的分布与整理、基础服务设施的完善程度等环境因素对游客的游憩行为有着直接或间接的影响。 (4)研究确定了56个景观单元的圆明园公园游憩机会谱构成,将圆明园公园内部游憩空间总体上划分为高适宜水平游憩机会、较高适宜水平游憩机会、中度适宜水平游憩机会、较低适宜水平游憩机会和低适宜水平游憩机会等五种级别与类型。 (5)研究提出了城市公园游憩机会谱应用设想——构建城市公园“游憩前线”系统,从平台建设、具备功能、应用对象等三个方面设想了“游憩前线”系统构成框架及其指标体系。本文在分析圆明园公园园林生态效益的基础上,将游憩机会谱理论引入公园游憩组织与环境管理,探讨了在当前智慧旅游时代背景下游憩机会谱在公众游憩过程中发挥的作用,研究具有一定的现实指导意义。
[Abstract]:Leisure recreation is an important way of living for modern urban residents. Urban parks are the main areas of daily recreational activities for urban residents. The scientific guidance of tourists to use urban parks reasonably is a problem that the managers and academics of modern urban parks pay attention to. From 2009 to 2011, the ecological benefits of Old Summer Palace park green space and its ecological benefits were studied. The environmental quality is monitored on the spot, the recreation suitability of garden environment in Old Summer Palace park is analyzed, and the recreation behavior of park visitors is investigated. The features of visitors to the park are summarized, the recreation needs of visitors and the suitable park space are matched, the recreation opportunity spectrum of Old Summer Palace Park is constructed, and the recreation and recreation of the park is discussed. The role of opportunity spectrum in the guidance of recreation behavior is studied.
(1) the Old Summer Palace park has a high ecological benefit level. The park green space has formed obvious microclimate characteristics, especially in spring, summer and autumn three seasons, the benefit of humidification and cooling is obvious, which makes the park better than the urban environment in the wet and hot conditions, and the Old Summer Palace Park plant community has a significant effect on reducing the concentration of air suspended particles. In particular, the effect of Jo irrigation, Jo irrigation, irrigation and irrigation combined with water surface type plant community is the best, the park plants have strong dust retention ability in summer, the environment of park green space has strong bacteriostasis effect, and the plant community of trees is the main body with relatively low microbial content, and the structure of plant community is complex, and the plant community with high canopy density contains bacteria content. The park green space has significant noise reduction ability, plant community structure characteristics, canopy density, community width, noise source characteristics and other factors are the main influencing factors to determine the noise reduction effect of green space; the air negative ions in the park green space remain at a high level, the greater the green amount, the higher the canopy density, the more close to the air in the water body. The more significant the sub effect is, the better the ecological benefits of the park environment in Old Summer Palace park.
(2) good ecological benefits have promoted the recreational suitability level of garden environment in Old Summer Palace park. From the three aspects of nature, society and aesthetics, the recreation suitability of Old Summer Palace park garden environment is comprehensively evaluated. The results show that the spring, autumn and two seasons are the appropriate recreation period of the Old Summer Palace Park microclimate; the park green space microbes contain From the level of total suspended particulate matter (TSP), Old Summer Palace park should swim in summer and autumn and winter in the two quarter, and the near water space in the park is more suitable for recreational activities than non hydrophilic space, and the park has a good air negative ion effect from May to November. The level of air negative ions in summer is very suitable for outdoor recreation activities; in summer (except in July) in the park, the quality of sound environment is higher, the tree as the main body of Joe grass, and the quiet recreation activities are suitable for the tree and irrigation plant community; the cover of the Garden vegetation, the green land can enter the condition, the landscape combination and the landscape hydrophilicity. The degree of harmony between the landscape architecture and the environment and the value of the cultural heritage determine the difference of the beauty of the landscape in different places of Old Summer Palace park.
(3) the recreation activities of visitors in Old Summer Palace park can be divided into 4 types: sports, sightseeing, leisure and theme. The main factors to stimulate the recreation motivation of Old Summer Palace park visitors are garden environment and garden culture, the characteristics of the park, the form of green space, the distribution and arrangement of garden buildings and cultural sites. Environmental factors such as the perfection of basic service facilities have direct or indirect effects on tourists' recreation behavior.
(4) study and determine the recreation opportunities spectrum composition of the Old Summer Palace park with 56 landscape units, and divide the recreation space in Old Summer Palace Park into five levels, such as high level recreation opportunities, higher level of recreation opportunities, moderate and moderate recreation opportunities, lower appropriate recreational opportunities and low level recreational opportunities. Type.
(5) the study puts forward the idea of the application of the recreational opportunity spectrum of Urban Parks - the construction of the "recreation front" system of urban parks, and envisages the framework and index system of the "recreation front" system from the three aspects of the platform construction, the function and the application object.
On the basis of analyzing the ecological benefits of Old Summer Palace park garden, this paper introduces the recreation opportunity spectrum theory into the park recreation organization and environmental management, and probes into the role played by the recreational opportunity spectrum in the public recreation process in the current background of the age of wisdom tourism, and the research has certain practical guiding significance.

【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU986.3;S788.2

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